old version Radioactivity

Question 1

Who discovered two types of Radiation

Answer 1

Ernest Rutherford

Question 2

Who were Ernest Rutherford’s workers

Answer 2

Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden

Question 3

What are the three types of radioactivity?

Answer 3

Alpha radiation (α), beta radiation (β) gamma radiation (γ).

Question 4

What is activity?

Answer 4

Activity is the number of decays in 1 second of a source

Question 5

Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?

Answer 5

Gamma radiation.

Question 6

Why is beta radiation dangerous??

Answer 6

Because it has moderate ionising powers and moderate penetrating powers.

Question 7

Which type of radiation cannot be penetrated by paper?

Answer 7

Alpha radiation.

Question 8

What can ionising in a living cell do?

Answer 8

It can damage or kill the cell.

Question 9

Can beta radiation penetrate paper?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Why are some substances radioactive?

Answer 10

Atoms that have an unstable nucleus try to become stable and in the process emit radiation.

Question 11

Name 2 uses of radiation

Answer 11

Any 2 below: 1.Treating cancer 2.Sterilising medical instruments 3.Sterilising food 4.Detecting brain tumours

Question 12

In Alpha and Beta decay what changes in the nucleus?

Answer 12

The number of protons.

Question 13

Where is most of an atom’s mass located?

Answer 13

The small, positively charged nucleus.

Question 14

what is ‘Half Life’?

Answer 14

Half life is the average time taken for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to half.

Question 15

What did the scientists think the atom was like in 1914?

Answer 15

Plum Pudding.

Question 16

What nucleus has the least amount of charge??

Answer 16

The hydrogen nucleus.

Question 17

Which type of radiation was stopped by paper?

Answer 17

Alpha radiation

Question 18

What nucleus has the least amount of charge??

Answer 18

The hydrogen nucleus

Question 19

What was the name of the Physicist who discovered that alpha and beta radiation is made up of different types of particles?

Answer 19

Ernest Rutherford.

Question 20

In Alpha or Beta, What changes

Answer 20

The number of Protons in a nucleus changes

Question 21

What are the 3 conclusions Rutherford made after his scattering experiment?

Answer 21

1. Atoms are made up of empty space 2.The nucleus is positively charged therefore it repels the positive alpha particles 3.The atom must have a very small dense nucleus in the middle

Question 22

What is a alpha particle made up of?

Answer 22

Two protons , two neutrons

Question 23

Which radiation is the most dangerous in terms of ionising?

Answer 23

alpha

Question 24

Which scientist carried out experiments where we put different materials between the radioactive substance and a detector.

Answer 24

Ernest Rutherford

Question 25

Why are some substances radioactive?

Answer 25

Because electrons move about in energy levels surrounding the nucleus.

Question 26

Which of the following are made up of different types of particles? Alpha, beta or gamma

Answer 26

Alpha and bae

Question 27

Which type of radiation is the least ionising?

Answer 27

Gamma.

Question 28

What was the proposed model of the atom before it was discovered called?

Answer 28

The plum pudding model.

Question 29

Define Ionising

Answer 29

When radiation knocks an electron off an atom. This results in very reactive positive atoms.

Question 30

What does the neutron in the nucleus change into with beta decay?

Answer 30

A proton

Question 31

When a unstable nucleus emits a beta particle what happens to the nucleus?

Answer 31

1. the atomic number of the nucleus goes up by 1 and its mass number is unchanged 2. the charge of the nucleus is increased, the mass of the nucleus is unchanged

Question 32

When was the nucleus discovered ?

Answer 32

1914

Question 33

what are the three types of radiation?

Answer 33

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Question 34

What is the rough range of alpha radiation in the air?

Answer 34

5 cm

Question 35

What is the relative mass of a proton and neutron?

Answer 35

1

Question 36

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 36

1

Question 37

What was Bohr's model of the atom?

Answer 37

Niels Bohr put forward the theory that the electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus at specific distances and specific energy values or energy levels

Question 38

What are the three types of radiation?

Answer 38

Alpha,Beta,Gamma

Question 39

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 39

-1

Question 40

which types of radiation ionise substances they pass through?

Answer 40

alpha, beta and gamma radiation

Question 41

What type of radiation is the most ionising?

Answer 41

Alpha.

Question 42

How do you monitor people who have been exposed to radiation?

Answer 42

If you use a film badge.

Question 43

Why are some substances radioactive?

Answer 43

Because their nucleus is unstable so it emits either alpha, gamma or beta radiation

Question 44

What is it called when atoms become charged because they lose an electrons?

Answer 44

Ionisation

Question 45

What is the rough range of alpha radiation in the air?

Answer 45

5cm

Question 46

What particles make up alpha radiation?

Answer 46

Two protons and two neutrons. It is identical to a helium nucleus.

Question 47

Which 3 of the different types of radiation is stopped by paper?

Answer 47

Alpha Radiation

Question 48

What is the rough range of beta radiation in the air?

Answer 48

1 m

Question 49

what does ionisation in a living cell do to the cell?

Answer 49

Can damage or kill the cell

Question 50

What is the range of gamma radiation in the air?

Answer 50

Unlimited- spreads out in air without being absorbed

Question 51

What do radioactive atoms 'want' to become?

Answer 51

Stable

Question 52

Why is it dangerous for a radiation treatment patient to hug someone afterwards??

Answer 52

Because they can still be contaminated, and doesn't want to radiate the other person.

Question 53

What is an element named after Marie Curie?

Answer 53

Polonium

Question 54

What is alpha radiation made up of?

Answer 54

Positively charged particles

Question 55

What counter can you use to detect radioactivity?

Answer 55

A Giiger counter

Question 56

Can alpha radiation penetrate paper?

Answer 56

No

Question 57

What material stops beta radiation?

Answer 57

Aluminium

Question 58

Why would you store a radioactive source in a lead-lined box?

Answer 58

Because it cannot be penetrated, even by gamma radiation.

Question 59

Can you predict radioactive decay?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

Who discovered the neutron and when did they discover it?

Answer 60

James Chadcick 1912

Question 61

What particle does beta radiation emit?

Answer 61

A single electron. This has a mass of zero and a charge of -1.

Question 62

What could the 'plum pudding' model not explain?

Answer 62

Why some alpha particles were scattered through large angles

Question 63

What's more penetrating gamma or beta?

Answer 63

Gamma

Question 64

Why are some substances radioactive?

Answer 64

Every atom has a nucleus made up of protons and neutron.Electrons move about in energy levels (or shells) surrounding the nucleus.

Question 65

Name 3 ways of reducing radiation exposure.

Answer 65

- Keeping as far away as possible from the source of radiation - Sending as little time as possible in at-risk areas - Shielding yourself by staying behind thick barriers, using thick lead plates and wearing protective clothing.

Question 66

How is energy transferred??

Answer 66

Energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation.

Question 67

What is radiation?

Answer 67

The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.

Question 68

Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 68

Gamma radiation.

Question 69

What is irradiation?

Answer 69

Radiation outside of one body causes ionisation, the irradiated object does not become radioactive.

Question 70

What is a cause of radiation??

Answer 70

Radiation can cause some of earths heat to be lost back into space.

Question 71

What is an isotope? How are isotope related to radioactivity?

Answer 71

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons Isotopes are related to radioactive becuase some isotopes of an element are stable and others are not stable. This means that some of them are radioactive and others are not

Question 72

How do you calculate the half life of a substance from a graph. Example: What is the half life of this radioactive isotope?

Answer 72

To find the half life from a graph you need to work out what half of the starting ammount is. You then look at the time when the number of nuclei have reached this number You can check it by halfing it again, and looking at the time it has taken to half a second time.

Question 73

What is the symbol for alpha radiaiton? Write a nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-241 in to neptunium (symbol Np)

Answer 73

Question 74

What is a nuclear decay equation what are the rules for a nuclear decay equation

Answer 74

A nuclear decay equation is a way of representing radioactive decay. The rules of a nuclear decay equation are: 1. The mass number of the reactants must be equal to the mass number of the products 2. The atomic number of the reactants must be equal to the atomic number of the products

Question 75

What is the symbol for beta radiation? Write a nuclear equation for the decay of carbon-14 into Nitrogen (symbol N)

Answer 75