old quizzes

Question 1

making of glycogen

Answer 1

glycogenesis

Question 2

breakdown of glucose to yield 2 pyruvic acids

Answer 2

glycolysis

Question 3

production of glucose from non-carb intermediates

Answer 3

gluconeogenesis

Question 4

breakdown of glycogen

Answer 4

glycogenolysis

Question 5

glucose enters the intestinal epithelial cells through this transportee

Answer 5

SGLT1

Question 6

This transporter is usually found in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

Answer 6

GLUT4

Question 7

Fructose enters the intestinal epithelial cells through this transporter

Answer 7

GLUT5

Question 8

This transporter is regulated by insulin

Answer 8

GLUT4

Question 9

Monosaccharides exit the intestinal epithelial cells through this transporter

Answer 9

GLUT2

Question 10

This transporter is classified as a secondary active transport

Answer 10

SGLT1

Question 11

The straight-chain starch is referred to as________, while the branched-chain starch is called_________.

Answer 11

Amylose; amylopectin

Question 12

Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of:

Answer 12

Glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 13

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans/animals. Explain why liver glycogen is able to supply glucose to all tissues, but muscle glycogen can only be utilized locally.

Answer 13

This is because the muscle cells lack glucose-6-phosphatase which is how glucose is passed in the blood. the liver is able to supply glucose to all tissues but the glycogen that muscles store is only there for internal use

Question 14

Micelles enter the enterocyte via______, where triglycerides are released and re-packaged into________

Answer 14

Simple diffusion; chylomicrons

Question 15

This lipoprotein formed in the liver; it helps to transport excess cholesterol from cells back to the liver.

Answer 15

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 16

This type of lipoproteins usually formed in the intestine with triglycerides being the main component of this lipoprotein.

Answer 16

Chylomicron

Question 17

The structure of a triglyceride includes_____

Answer 17

1 glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids

Question 18

Lipoprotein Lipase

Answer 18

Hydrolyzes triglycerides from lipoproteins, Can be activated by insulin in adipose tissue, Has high affinity for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

Question 19

Low-density lipoproteins are usually taken up by the cell through what transport mechanism?

Answer 19

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 20

Fatty acids enter the mitochondria for what reaction?

Answer 20

Beta oxidation

Question 21

Energy is stored in white fat as____________________

Answer 21

triglycerides

Question 22

Leptin

Answer 22

secreted by the adipose tissue, Regulates appetite, Enhanced energy expenditure

Question 23

With uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (lack of glucose in the cell), the increased lipid metabolism will cause an increase in formation of ___________

Answer 23

Ketone bodies

Question 24

During fasting, glucagon can stimulate the release of _________ in adipose tissue to mobilize triglycerides for energy

Answer 24

hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 25

In addition to fat storage, adipose tissue is also an endocrine organ with immunomodulatory role. Which of the following components are known to be secreted by adipose tissue?

Answer 25

Leptin, Adiponectin

Question 26

Describe the role of carnitine in lipid metabolism

Answer 26

Carnitine helps transport fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are catabolized by beta oxidation

Question 27

Amino acids in the intestinal cells can be used to synthesize the following molecules EXCEPT

Answer 27

Urea

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a fate of alpha keto acids?

Answer 28

Glycolysis