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Neuroanatomy > Old Neuro Test Questions > Flashcards

Old Neuro Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the DPR and originates from the TPs of all lumbar, thoracic and C3-7 vertebrae?

Levator costorum
Multifidus lumborum
Semispinalis cervicis
Rotatores

A

Rotatores

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2
Q

What is it when L5 fuses with the sacrum and a person has 6 sacral vertebrae?

A

Sacralization

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3
Q

Which muscle inserts on the superomedial border of the scapula? It acts to raise the scapula at the medial border. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

A

Levator scapulae muscle

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4
Q

How many demifacets total are found on T1 vertebral body?

A

2

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5
Q

What is the normal ADI in children? Less than ___ mm.

A

3.5

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6
Q

At what day does the neural plate develop?

A

18

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7
Q

The infratentorial dura is primarily innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

Vagus nerve - CN X

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8
Q

Which artery is the primary blood supply for the dura?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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9
Q

Which type of meningitis is most severe? Bacterial or viral?

A

Bacterial

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10
Q

The frontal love of the brain is ___ to the occipital lobe

A

Rostral

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11
Q

Which cell adds myelination in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

What is the process of developing 3 germ layers in a developing conceptus called?

A

Gastrulation

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13
Q

What does the precephalon become?

A

Forebrain

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14
Q

How many secondary brain vesicles are there?

A

5

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15
Q

How many primary brain vesicles are there?

A

3

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16
Q

Dural venous sinuses ____ valves and are located between ___ and ___

A

No
Periosteal
Meningeal dura

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17
Q

The interpeduncular cistern accommodates which cranial nerve to the greatest degree?

A

Occulomotor nerve - CN III

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18
Q

Which of the cisterns is the largest?

A

Cerebellomedullary

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19
Q

What connects the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of Monro

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20
Q

What shape is the 4th ventricle?

A

Diamond

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21
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery connect to?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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22
Q

What branch of the internal carotid artery contributes most directly to supplying the eyes?

A

Cerebral part

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23
Q

What artery supplies the eye and gives superior hypophyseal artery to pituitary gland?

A

Ophthalamic artery

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24
Q

Lumbar puncture can involve injection of dye that stains the spinal cord for imaging called?

A

Myelography

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25
Q

The other name for the lateral fissure in the brain is ____ ____

A

Sylvia fissure

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26
Q

Venous sinuses ____ valves and are under ___ pressure

A

Have No

Low

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27
Q

Which structure drains into the confluences of sinuses most directly?

A

Straight sinus

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28
Q

The basilar sinus runs along which structure?

A

Clivus

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29
Q

How many layers are there of dura around the brain?

A

2

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30
Q

How many layers of dura are around the spinal cord?

A

1

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31
Q

What is the name of the veins that penetrate the skull which drain into the dural venous sinuses?

A

Emissary veins

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32
Q

The confluence of sinuses drain most directly where next?

A

Transverse sinus

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33
Q

How many straight sinuses are in the human body?

A

1

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34
Q

How many transverse sinuses are in the human body?

A

2

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35
Q

What vein drains CSF inferiorly through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein

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36
Q

In the lumbar region of the spinal cord, the dorsal horns are ___ and the ventral horns are ___

A

Large

Large

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37
Q

Which section of the spinal cord in cross section has the most white matter?

A

Cervical

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38
Q

The sympathetic nervous system ___ innervate sweat glands and ___ innervate the adrenal medulla

A

Does

Does

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39
Q

What is the term for the neurons that cross the gray midline of the spinal cord from one side of the spine to the other?

A

Commissural fibers

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40
Q

Which is not a common attribute of meningitis?

Fever
Dizziness
Headache
Neck stiffness

A

Dizziness

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41
Q

Arachnoid matter ___ cover the spinal nerve roots and ___ cover the spinal ganglia

A

Does

Does

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42
Q

Which fiber type would relay to your spinal cord that you have constipation?

A

GVA

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43
Q

Which fiber type would be motor to the SA node of the heart?

A

GVE

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44
Q

Which fiber types pass through the white rami communicans?

GVE, GVA
GSA, GSE
GVE, GSE
GVA, GSA

A

GVE, GVA

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45
Q

The recurrent meningeal nerve contains which fiber types?

GVE, GVA
GSE, GSA
GSA, GVE
GSE, GVA

A

GSA, GVE

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46
Q

If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the Fasiculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible

A

Left hand

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47
Q

If you cut the right half of c-2 you will lose conscious proprioception to which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasiculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible.

A

Right hand

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48
Q

If you cut the right half of T-8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible

A

Nothing is affected regarding the fasciculus cuneatus because it is proprioception from T6 up.

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49
Q

If you cut the right half of your cerebellum you will lose conscious proprioception from which area. Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible

A

Nothing is affected with regard to the fasciculus cuneatus because it does not go to the cerebellum

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50
Q

What information is carried in the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

Pain and temperature for the whole body

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51
Q

The posterior arch of C1 forms what portion of the ring of the atlas?

A

2/5

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52
Q

How many atypical lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

1

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53
Q

The midbrain is __ to the pons

A

Rostral

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54
Q

Which glial cell makes up the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

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55
Q

Unconscious neuron chain pathways in the human body require how many neurons?

A

2

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56
Q

What artery traverses through the longitudinal sulcus?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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57
Q

Which muscle inserts on ribs 3- 12 and the TPs of T1-T12?

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Long is sinus thoracis
Serratus posterior superior

A

Longissimus thoracis

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58
Q

Which muscle rotates the spine to the opposite side?

A

Semispinalis

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59
Q

Which muscle is not in layer 6?

Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Multifidus
Serratus posterior superior

A

Serratus posterior superior

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60
Q

Which muscle abducts the shoulder from 20 degrees to 90 degrees?

A

Deltoid

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61
Q

Which muscle originates from the SPs of C7-T3 and Supraspinus ligaments?

A

Serratus posterior superior

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62
Q

Which muscle inserts on TPs of C1-C4 posterior tubercles and is innervated by DPR?

A

Splenius cervicis

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63
Q

Which muscle originates from TPs of T7-T12 and inserts on SPs of C6-T4?

A

Semispinalis thoracis

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64
Q

Which muscle originates from TPs of C7-T11 and inserts on the ribs?

A

Levator costarum

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65
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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66
Q

What is the shape of the neuraxis?

A

T

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67
Q

What brain structure has been compared to a “major highway intersection?”

A

Thalamus

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68
Q

Gray matter of the brain does not include?

A

Myelinated axons

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69
Q

Which structure of the brain has the biggest role in processing aggression?

A

Amygdala

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70
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete at night to make you feel sleepy?

A

Melatonin

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71
Q

Name a hormone secreted by your posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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72
Q

Name one of the two orthopedic tests for meningitis

A

Kernig

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73
Q

The caudal portion of the neural plate becomes what structure in an adult?

A

Spinal cord

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74
Q

The neural plate develops from what germ layer?

A

Ectoderm

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75
Q

What is the term for the temporary I closed cranial and caudal end of the spinal cord formed during the neural action process?

A

Neuropore

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76
Q

Which structure separates the cerebellum into two regions?

A

Falx cerebelli

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77
Q

What sinus receives blood from the superior cerebral veins?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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78
Q

The caudal tip of the 4th ventricle

A

Obey

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79
Q

Where do you NOT find the choroid plexus?

A

Posterior horn of lateral ventricle

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80
Q

The head of the caudate nucleus is involved in?

Assist with goal-directed tasks
Emotional output
Connect the right and left sides of the brain

A

Assist with goal-directed tasks

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81
Q

What is the condition called in babies where they increase the size of their brain due to a failure of drainage of CSF?

A

Hydrocephalus

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82
Q

The superior sagittal sinus drains posteriorly into what enlarged area at the caudal junction of the occipital lobe and cerebellum?

A

Confluence of sinuses

83
Q

What are the two main sources of the brain blood supply?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid artery

84
Q

The vertebral artery passes ___ and then through ___ to enter the skull.

A

Over the atlas

Foramen magnum

85
Q

The middle cerebral artery travels through which fissure?

A

Lateral fissure

86
Q

An ACA stroke would most likely affect the:

Upper limb
Lower limb
Both upper and lower limb
Neither upper nor lower limb

A

Lower limb

87
Q

How many anterior spinal arteries do adults have?

A

1

88
Q

How many posterior spinal arteries do adults have?

A

2

89
Q

Parasympathetic neurons found in the inferior salivatory nucleus supply which of the following glands?

Lacrimal gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland

A

Parotid gland

90
Q

Which of the following nuclear masses is NOT associated with the trigeminal nerve?

Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Principal sensory nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
Mesencephalic nucleus

A

Nucleus ambiguous

91
Q

Which of the following fibers is NOT present in the facial nerve?

SVE
GSE
SVA
GVE

A

GSE

92
Q

Which of the following is the nerve of the third pharyngeal arch?

Vagus nerve
Mandibular nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Facial nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

93
Q

A nerve that receives special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) from the nucleus ambiguous is:

Facial nerve
Mandibular nerve
Vagus Nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

A

Vagus nerve

94
Q

Which nerve has its nucleus of origin in the pons and contains general somatic efferent GSE fibers:

Facial
Mandibular
Cochlear
Abducens

A

Abducens

95
Q

Which nerve is the afferent limb of the corneal blinking reflex?

Facial
Mandibular
Ophthalamic
Occulomotor

A

Ophthalamic

96
Q 
The center of the pupillary light reflex is:
Superior colliculus
Pretectal area
Retina
Optic nerve
A

Pretectal area

97
Q 
Loss of taste sensation is due to a lesion of:
Nucleus ambiguous 
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
Mesencephalic nucleus
Solitary Nucleus
A

Solitary nucleus

98
Q 
Which of the following olivary nuclei is realated to the auditory pathway?
Inferior
Superior
Dorsal
Medial
A

Superior

99
Q

Which of the following structures transmits unconscious proprioception?

Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
Spinal leminiscus
Medial leminiscus

A

Spinal leminiscus

100
Q

Trigemeinal nerve contains which of the following types of fibers?

GSE, SVE
GSE, GVE
GSA, SVE
SSA, GVE

A

GSA, SVE

101
Q

Choose the FALSE statement concerning the medulla oblongata:

It contains the facial nucleus
It contains the nucleus ambiguous
It contains the inferior olivary nucleus
It contains the dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus

A

It contains the facial nucleus

102
Q

Choose the FALSE statement concerning the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:

It supplies the posterior belly of digastric muscle
It lies medial to the principle sensory nucleus
It is located in the tegmental of midpontine level
It gives rise to special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers

A

It supplies the posterior belly of digastric muscle

103
Q

Choose the FALSE statement regarding the spinal trigeminal nucleus:
It contains second order neurons
It mediates pain and temperature sensation from the face
It contains efferent limb of the jaw reflex
It extends from the pons to upper cervical segments of the spinal cord

A

It contains the efferent limb of the jaw reflex

104
Q 
Loss of general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is due to lesion of:
Facial nerve
Mandibular nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
A

Mandibular nerve

105
Q 
Which of the following nerves is required for normal cough?
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Facial
Hypoglossal
A

Vagus

106
Q 
Damage to which nerve is accompanied by the inability to whistle?
Accessory
Facial
Vagus
Trigeminal
A

Facial

107
Q 
Which nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion?
Lesser petrosal
Greater petrosal
Deep petrosal
Chorda tympani
A

Chorda tympani

108
Q 
Which nerve turns your eye downward and outward?
Abducens
Occulomotor
Facial
Trochlear
A

Trochlear

109
Q

At what day does the neural plate develop?

A

18

110
Q

THe vertebral artery enters the skull through?

A

Foramen magnum

111
Q

What does IVVP stand for?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus

112
Q

What is the descriptive stroke related term for when a patient has the inability to speak or organize muscular actions to speak?

A

Motor aphasia

113
Q

The frontal lobe of the brain is ___ in relation to the occipital lobe

A

Rostral

114
Q

Venous sinuses ____ valves and are under ___ pressure

A

Have no, low

115
Q

The caudate nucleus is supplied most directly by a?

A

Central artery

116
Q

What it’s the process of developing 3 germ layers in a developing concepts called?

A

Gastrulation

117
Q

What does the proencephalon become? (Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain)

A

Forebrain

118
Q

How many secondary brain vesicles are there?

A

5

119
Q

An ACA stroke would most likely affect what?

A

Lower limb

120
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete at night to make you feel sleepy?

A

Melatonin

121
Q

Which cerebrum structure has axons that travel from the right side of the brain to the left?

A

Corpus callosum

122
Q

The straight sinus drains posteriorly into what sinus

A

Confluence of sinuses

123
Q

What is the name of the specific spinal cord lesion where half of the spinal cord is damaged at one set level and it results in ipsilateral spastic paralysis, ipsilateral loss of touch sensation and contralateral loss of pain?

A

Brown-sequard syndrome

124
Q

If you cut the right half of C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question basic as possible

A

Right hand

125
Q

If you cut the right half of T8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible

A

None are affected

126
Q

Fasciculus gracillis and cuneatus both ultimately synapse at the thalamus. What specific region do they synapse at?

A

Ventral-postero-lateral region

127
Q

If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious pain sensation from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the anterior spinothalamic to make this question as basic as possible

A

None are affected

128
Q

If you cut the left half of C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus gracillis to make this question as basic as possible

A

Left foot

129
Q

If you cut the left half of T8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus gracillis to make this question as basic as possible

A

Left foot

130
Q

Where does the decussation of a second order neuron occur for ASCENDING CONSCIOUS PATHWAYS

A

Medulla Oblongata

131
Q

All first order cells in the ascending tracts are (by shape)?

A

Pseudounipolar

132
Q

Which unconscious pathway transmits proprioception from the upper limbs to the greatest degree?

A

Cuneocerebellar

133
Q

The tectospinal tract ____ and descends in the ____ region of the spinal cord

A

Decussates, C1-C4

134
Q

The descending pathway of the tectospinal tract uses the _____

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

135
Q

The rubrospinal tract ___ and travels does in the ____ column

A

Decussates, lateral

136
Q

The rubrospinal tract does what

A

Facilitates flexors, inhibits extensors

137
Q

What is the upside-down representation of your body on your brain regarding what regions of your brain control given body structures?

A

Homunculus

138
Q

What percentage of descending motor fibers cross the midline associated with the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

90%

139
Q

At what level of the brainstem do descending axons cross for the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

Medulla

140
Q

The lateral corticospinal tract descends in which column of the spinal cord?

A

Lateral column

141
Q

Which pairing is correct regarding activating skeletal muscle?

Alpha motor neurons on extrafusal fibers
Alpha motor neurons on intrafusal fibers
Gamma motor neurons on extrafusal fibers
Gamma motor neurons on intrafusal fibers

A

Alpha motor neurons on extrafusal fibers

142
Q

What is the main function of the reticular formation?

A

Alertness

143
Q

Which lamina holds most lower motor neurons associated with corticospinal pathways?

A

IX

144
Q

The middle cerebral artery travels through which fissure?

A

Lateral

145
Q

The spinal artery branches from what part of the vertebral artery?

A

4th

146
Q

The anterior spinal artery travels in what indentation in front of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior median fissure

147
Q

There are usually ___ anterior and ____ posterior spinal veins traveling directly on the external spinal cord

A

3, 3

148
Q

How many laminate are there in the spinal cord?

A

10

149
Q

Which lamina in particular received pain input from the arms and legs?

A

2

150
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is (sympathetic, parasympathetic, neither or both)

A

Parasympathetic

151
Q

Which fiber type from cranial nerve 9 is sensory for the gag reflex?

A

GVA

152
Q

Which type of fiber is the sensory component of the carotid for sensing blood pressure?

A

GVA

153
Q

Which fiber type is motor to the parotid gland?

A

GVE

154
Q

A lesion to which of the following nerves would result in decreased salivation?
3, 6, 9, 11

A

9

155
Q

How many functional components are in the cranial nerves of the brainstem?

A

7

156
Q 
Which of the following cranial nerves does not use SVE?
Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Optic
A

Optic (only uses afferent)

157
Q 
Which cranial nerve does not originate from the medulla?
Glossopharyngeal
Accessory
Facial
Vagus
A

Facial

158
Q

The sympathetic nervous systems ___ innervate sweat glands ____ innervate the adrenal medulla.

A

Does

Does

159
Q

What is the term for the neurons that cross the gray midline of the spinal cord from one side of the spine to another?

A

Commissural fibers

160
Q

Arachnoid matter ___ cover the spinal nerve and ___ cover the spinal ganglia.

A

Does

Does

161
Q

Which fiber type would relay to your spinal cord that you have constipation?

A

GVA

162
Q

Which fiber types pass through the white rami communicans?

A

GVE, GVA

163
Q

the recurrent meningeal nerve contains which fiber types?

A

GSA, GVE

164
Q

How many plexuses are in the human body?

A

5

165
Q

The ventral roots of sympathetic preganglionics contain which fiber types?

A

GSE, GVE

166
Q

How do you test for stereognosis?

A

Ask the patient to identify small objects placed in one hand with their eyes closed

167
Q

Which lamina contains neurons that cross from the right to the left sides of the spine by the central canal?

A

10

168
Q

Which type of motor neuron controls the amount of tension in the muscle spindle to keep it contracting at a same relative rate as that of the skeletal muscle cell it is attached to?

A

Gamma

169
Q

How many longitudinal veins drain the spinal cord?

A

6

170
Q

Another name for lamina 2 in the spinal cord?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

171
Q

If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible.

A

Left hand

172
Q

If you cut the right half of your C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible?

A

Right hand

173
Q

A loss of tase from the back of the tongue would involve a lesion to which cranial nerve?

A

9

174
Q

The Glosopharyngeal nerve supplies which salivary gland and uses which fiber type?

A

Parotid, GVE

175
Q

Which fiber type in vagus will provide sensation from the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A

GVA

176
Q

What is the condition that affects most commonly women over age 50 and causes excrutiating pain alon the trigeminal nerve pathway?

A

Tic Douloreux

177
Q

What does ARAS stand for?

A

Ascending Reticular Activating System

178
Q

Which nucleus is located in the pons and impacts salivation?

A

Superior salivatory

179
Q

Medial medullary syndrome is caused by a lesion to which artery? (Remember AM)

A

Anterior spinal artery

180
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani?

A

Trigeminal

181
Q

With medial medullary syndrome some patients have ____ hemiplegia of the body and ___ tongue deviation?

A

Contralateral

Ipsilateral

182
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome is caused by a session to which artery?

A

PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery

183
Q

With lateral medullary syndrome there is a ____ loss of pain and temperature from the face and a ___ loss of pain and temperature from the body.

A

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

184
Q

The auditory pathway involves which leminiscus?

A

Lateral leminiscus

185
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal is sensory from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

V3

186
Q

What does the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal sense?

A

Proprioception from the face

187
Q

Which is a relay for the auditory pathway?

A

Medial geniculate body

188
Q

How many neurons does it take to reach the cerebral cortex in the olfactory pathway?

A

2

189
Q

What are chemicals released from the body that affect reproductive behavior, the chemicals are released by males and females

A

Pheromones

190
Q

What special sense involves mitral cells?

A

Smell

191
Q

What is the tase umami?

A

Broth

192
Q

The chorda tympani is associated with which cranial nerve in the taste pathway?

A

VII

193
Q

What could you not see if you damaged the right temporal retina

A

Objects to the left with your right eye

194
Q

Which cranial nerve receives pain from the cornea?

A

Trigeminal

195
Q

Which cells myelinate cranial nerve 2?

A

Ogliodendrocytes

196
Q

Meyer’s loop is associated with visual information on the ___ and it passes through the ___ lobe mostly when looking dead ahead?

A

Sky, temporal

197
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the stapedius muscle?

A

7

198
Q

Which cranial nerve would be stimulated most by direct carotid massage?

A

9

199
Q

What is the term for autonomic condition when you lay down and then go to a seated position that you feel dizzy?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

200
Q

Which plexus of the enteric nervous sy-stem innervated the muscularis externa layer and is primarily responsible for peristalsis?

A

Auerbach’s/myenteric plexus

201
Q

What is micturition?

A

Urination

202
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released from parasympathetic post-ganglion is to cause erection of the penis and clitoris during sexual excitation?

A

Nitric oxide

203
Q

The cerebellum is composed of how many lobes?

A

3

204
Q

What fissure separates the superior from the inferior surface of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

Horizontal

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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