Old Neuro Test Questions Flashcards
Which muscle is innervated by the DPR and originates from the TPs of all lumbar, thoracic and C3-7 vertebrae?
Levator costorum
Multifidus lumborum
Semispinalis cervicis
Rotatores
Rotatores
What is it when L5 fuses with the sacrum and a person has 6 sacral vertebrae?
Sacralization
Which muscle inserts on the superomedial border of the scapula? It acts to raise the scapula at the medial border. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
Levator scapulae muscle
How many demifacets total are found on T1 vertebral body?
2
What is the normal ADI in children? Less than ___ mm.
3.5
At what day does the neural plate develop?
18
The infratentorial dura is primarily innervated by what cranial nerve?
Vagus nerve - CN X
Which artery is the primary blood supply for the dura?
Middle meningeal artery
Which type of meningitis is most severe? Bacterial or viral?
Bacterial
The frontal love of the brain is ___ to the occipital lobe
Rostral
Which cell adds myelination in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the process of developing 3 germ layers in a developing conceptus called?
Gastrulation
What does the precephalon become?
Forebrain
How many secondary brain vesicles are there?
5
How many primary brain vesicles are there?
3
Dural venous sinuses ____ valves and are located between ___ and ___
No
Periosteal
Meningeal dura
The interpeduncular cistern accommodates which cranial nerve to the greatest degree?
Occulomotor nerve - CN III
Which of the cisterns is the largest?
Cerebellomedullary
What connects the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle?
Foramen of Monro
What shape is the 4th ventricle?
Diamond
What does the posterior communicating artery connect to?
Posterior cerebral artery
What branch of the internal carotid artery contributes most directly to supplying the eyes?
Cerebral part
What artery supplies the eye and gives superior hypophyseal artery to pituitary gland?
Ophthalamic artery
Lumbar puncture can involve injection of dye that stains the spinal cord for imaging called?
Myelography
The other name for the lateral fissure in the brain is ____ ____
Sylvia fissure
Venous sinuses ____ valves and are under ___ pressure
Have No
Low
Which structure drains into the confluences of sinuses most directly?
Straight sinus
The basilar sinus runs along which structure?
Clivus
How many layers are there of dura around the brain?
2
How many layers of dura are around the spinal cord?
1
What is the name of the veins that penetrate the skull which drain into the dural venous sinuses?
Emissary veins
The confluence of sinuses drain most directly where next?
Transverse sinus
How many straight sinuses are in the human body?
1
How many transverse sinuses are in the human body?
2
What vein drains CSF inferiorly through the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein
In the lumbar region of the spinal cord, the dorsal horns are ___ and the ventral horns are ___
Large
Large
Which section of the spinal cord in cross section has the most white matter?
Cervical
The sympathetic nervous system ___ innervate sweat glands and ___ innervate the adrenal medulla
Does
Does
What is the term for the neurons that cross the gray midline of the spinal cord from one side of the spine to the other?
Commissural fibers
Which is not a common attribute of meningitis?
Fever
Dizziness
Headache
Neck stiffness
Dizziness
Arachnoid matter ___ cover the spinal nerve roots and ___ cover the spinal ganglia
Does
Does
Which fiber type would relay to your spinal cord that you have constipation?
GVA
Which fiber type would be motor to the SA node of the heart?
GVE
Which fiber types pass through the white rami communicans?
GVE, GVA
GSA, GSE
GVE, GSE
GVA, GSA
GVE, GVA
The recurrent meningeal nerve contains which fiber types?
GVE, GVA
GSE, GSA
GSA, GVE
GSE, GVA
GSA, GVE
If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the Fasiculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible
Left hand
If you cut the right half of c-2 you will lose conscious proprioception to which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasiculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible.
Right hand
If you cut the right half of T-8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible
Nothing is affected regarding the fasciculus cuneatus because it is proprioception from T6 up.
If you cut the right half of your cerebellum you will lose conscious proprioception from which area. Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible
Nothing is affected with regard to the fasciculus cuneatus because it does not go to the cerebellum
What information is carried in the lateral spinothalamic tract?
Pain and temperature for the whole body
The posterior arch of C1 forms what portion of the ring of the atlas?
2/5
How many atypical lumbar vertebrae are there?
1
The midbrain is __ to the pons
Rostral
Which glial cell makes up the blood brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Unconscious neuron chain pathways in the human body require how many neurons?
2
What artery traverses through the longitudinal sulcus?
Anterior cerebral artery
Which muscle inserts on ribs 3- 12 and the TPs of T1-T12?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Long is sinus thoracis
Serratus posterior superior
Longissimus thoracis
Which muscle rotates the spine to the opposite side?
Semispinalis
Which muscle is not in layer 6?
Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Multifidus
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior superior
Which muscle abducts the shoulder from 20 degrees to 90 degrees?
Deltoid
Which muscle originates from the SPs of C7-T3 and Supraspinus ligaments?
Serratus posterior superior
Which muscle inserts on TPs of C1-C4 posterior tubercles and is innervated by DPR?
Splenius cervicis
Which muscle originates from TPs of T7-T12 and inserts on SPs of C6-T4?
Semispinalis thoracis
Which muscle originates from TPs of C7-T11 and inserts on the ribs?
Levator costarum
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
What is the shape of the neuraxis?
T
What brain structure has been compared to a “major highway intersection?”
Thalamus
Gray matter of the brain does not include?
Myelinated axons
Which structure of the brain has the biggest role in processing aggression?
Amygdala
What does the pineal gland secrete at night to make you feel sleepy?
Melatonin
Name a hormone secreted by your posterior pituitary gland
ADH
Oxytocin
Name one of the two orthopedic tests for meningitis
Kernig
The caudal portion of the neural plate becomes what structure in an adult?
Spinal cord
The neural plate develops from what germ layer?
Ectoderm
What is the term for the temporary I closed cranial and caudal end of the spinal cord formed during the neural action process?
Neuropore
Which structure separates the cerebellum into two regions?
Falx cerebelli
What sinus receives blood from the superior cerebral veins?
Superior sagittal sinus
The caudal tip of the 4th ventricle
Obey
Where do you NOT find the choroid plexus?
Posterior horn of lateral ventricle
The head of the caudate nucleus is involved in?
Assist with goal-directed tasks
Emotional output
Connect the right and left sides of the brain
Assist with goal-directed tasks
What is the condition called in babies where they increase the size of their brain due to a failure of drainage of CSF?
Hydrocephalus
The superior sagittal sinus drains posteriorly into what enlarged area at the caudal junction of the occipital lobe and cerebellum?
Confluence of sinuses
What are the two main sources of the brain blood supply?
Vertebral and internal carotid artery
The vertebral artery passes ___ and then through ___ to enter the skull.
Over the atlas
Foramen magnum
The middle cerebral artery travels through which fissure?
Lateral fissure
An ACA stroke would most likely affect the:
Upper limb
Lower limb
Both upper and lower limb
Neither upper nor lower limb
Lower limb
How many anterior spinal arteries do adults have?
1
How many posterior spinal arteries do adults have?
2
Parasympathetic neurons found in the inferior salivatory nucleus supply which of the following glands?
Lacrimal gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
Parotid gland
Which of the following nuclear masses is NOT associated with the trigeminal nerve?
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Principal sensory nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
Mesencephalic nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
Which of the following fibers is NOT present in the facial nerve?
SVE
GSE
SVA
GVE
GSE
Which of the following is the nerve of the third pharyngeal arch?
Vagus nerve
Mandibular nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
A nerve that receives special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) from the nucleus ambiguous is:
Facial nerve
Mandibular nerve
Vagus Nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve
Which nerve has its nucleus of origin in the pons and contains general somatic efferent GSE fibers:
Facial
Mandibular
Cochlear
Abducens
Abducens
Which nerve is the afferent limb of the corneal blinking reflex?
Facial
Mandibular
Ophthalamic
Occulomotor
Ophthalamic
The center of the pupillary light reflex is: Superior colliculus Pretectal area Retina Optic nerve
Pretectal area
Loss of taste sensation is due to a lesion of: Nucleus ambiguous Spinal nucleus of trigeminal Mesencephalic nucleus Solitary Nucleus
Solitary nucleus
Which of the following olivary nuclei is realated to the auditory pathway? Inferior Superior Dorsal Medial
Superior
Which of the following structures transmits unconscious proprioception?
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
Spinal leminiscus
Medial leminiscus
Spinal leminiscus
Trigemeinal nerve contains which of the following types of fibers?
GSE, SVE
GSE, GVE
GSA, SVE
SSA, GVE
GSA, SVE
Choose the FALSE statement concerning the medulla oblongata:
It contains the facial nucleus
It contains the nucleus ambiguous
It contains the inferior olivary nucleus
It contains the dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus
It contains the facial nucleus
Choose the FALSE statement concerning the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
It supplies the posterior belly of digastric muscle
It lies medial to the principle sensory nucleus
It is located in the tegmental of midpontine level
It gives rise to special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers
It supplies the posterior belly of digastric muscle
Choose the FALSE statement regarding the spinal trigeminal nucleus:
It contains second order neurons
It mediates pain and temperature sensation from the face
It contains efferent limb of the jaw reflex
It extends from the pons to upper cervical segments of the spinal cord
It contains the efferent limb of the jaw reflex
Loss of general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is due to lesion of: Facial nerve Mandibular nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve
Mandibular nerve
Which of the following nerves is required for normal cough? Vagus Glossopharyngeal Facial Hypoglossal
Vagus
Damage to which nerve is accompanied by the inability to whistle? Accessory Facial Vagus Trigeminal
Facial
Which nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion? Lesser petrosal Greater petrosal Deep petrosal Chorda tympani
Chorda tympani
Which nerve turns your eye downward and outward? Abducens Occulomotor Facial Trochlear
Trochlear
At what day does the neural plate develop?
18
THe vertebral artery enters the skull through?
Foramen magnum
What does IVVP stand for?
Internal vertebral venous plexus
What is the descriptive stroke related term for when a patient has the inability to speak or organize muscular actions to speak?
Motor aphasia
The frontal lobe of the brain is ___ in relation to the occipital lobe
Rostral
Venous sinuses ____ valves and are under ___ pressure
Have no, low
The caudate nucleus is supplied most directly by a?
Central artery
What it’s the process of developing 3 germ layers in a developing concepts called?
Gastrulation
What does the proencephalon become? (Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain)
Forebrain
How many secondary brain vesicles are there?
5
An ACA stroke would most likely affect what?
Lower limb
What does the pineal gland secrete at night to make you feel sleepy?
Melatonin
Which cerebrum structure has axons that travel from the right side of the brain to the left?
Corpus callosum
The straight sinus drains posteriorly into what sinus
Confluence of sinuses
What is the name of the specific spinal cord lesion where half of the spinal cord is damaged at one set level and it results in ipsilateral spastic paralysis, ipsilateral loss of touch sensation and contralateral loss of pain?
Brown-sequard syndrome
If you cut the right half of C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question basic as possible
Right hand
If you cut the right half of T8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible
None are affected
Fasciculus gracillis and cuneatus both ultimately synapse at the thalamus. What specific region do they synapse at?
Ventral-postero-lateral region
If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious pain sensation from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the anterior spinothalamic to make this question as basic as possible
None are affected
If you cut the left half of C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus gracillis to make this question as basic as possible
Left foot
If you cut the left half of T8 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is fasciculus gracillis to make this question as basic as possible
Left foot
Where does the decussation of a second order neuron occur for ASCENDING CONSCIOUS PATHWAYS
Medulla Oblongata
All first order cells in the ascending tracts are (by shape)?
Pseudounipolar
Which unconscious pathway transmits proprioception from the upper limbs to the greatest degree?
Cuneocerebellar
The tectospinal tract ____ and descends in the ____ region of the spinal cord
Decussates, C1-C4
The descending pathway of the tectospinal tract uses the _____
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
The rubrospinal tract ___ and travels does in the ____ column
Decussates, lateral
The rubrospinal tract does what
Facilitates flexors, inhibits extensors
What is the upside-down representation of your body on your brain regarding what regions of your brain control given body structures?
Homunculus
What percentage of descending motor fibers cross the midline associated with the lateral corticospinal tract?
90%
At what level of the brainstem do descending axons cross for the lateral corticospinal tract?
Medulla
The lateral corticospinal tract descends in which column of the spinal cord?
Lateral column
Which pairing is correct regarding activating skeletal muscle?
Alpha motor neurons on extrafusal fibers
Alpha motor neurons on intrafusal fibers
Gamma motor neurons on extrafusal fibers
Gamma motor neurons on intrafusal fibers
Alpha motor neurons on extrafusal fibers
What is the main function of the reticular formation?
Alertness
Which lamina holds most lower motor neurons associated with corticospinal pathways?
IX
The middle cerebral artery travels through which fissure?
Lateral
The spinal artery branches from what part of the vertebral artery?
4th
The anterior spinal artery travels in what indentation in front of the spinal cord?
Anterior median fissure
There are usually ___ anterior and ____ posterior spinal veins traveling directly on the external spinal cord
3, 3
How many laminate are there in the spinal cord?
10
Which lamina in particular received pain input from the arms and legs?
2
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is (sympathetic, parasympathetic, neither or both)
Parasympathetic
Which fiber type from cranial nerve 9 is sensory for the gag reflex?
GVA
Which type of fiber is the sensory component of the carotid for sensing blood pressure?
GVA
Which fiber type is motor to the parotid gland?
GVE
A lesion to which of the following nerves would result in decreased salivation?
3, 6, 9, 11
9
How many functional components are in the cranial nerves of the brainstem?
7
Which of the following cranial nerves does not use SVE? Trigeminal Facial Glossopharyngeal Optic
Optic (only uses afferent)
Which cranial nerve does not originate from the medulla? Glossopharyngeal Accessory Facial Vagus
Facial
The sympathetic nervous systems ___ innervate sweat glands ____ innervate the adrenal medulla.
Does
Does
What is the term for the neurons that cross the gray midline of the spinal cord from one side of the spine to another?
Commissural fibers
Arachnoid matter ___ cover the spinal nerve and ___ cover the spinal ganglia.
Does
Does
Which fiber type would relay to your spinal cord that you have constipation?
GVA
Which fiber types pass through the white rami communicans?
GVE, GVA
the recurrent meningeal nerve contains which fiber types?
GSA, GVE
How many plexuses are in the human body?
5
The ventral roots of sympathetic preganglionics contain which fiber types?
GSE, GVE
How do you test for stereognosis?
Ask the patient to identify small objects placed in one hand with their eyes closed
Which lamina contains neurons that cross from the right to the left sides of the spine by the central canal?
10
Which type of motor neuron controls the amount of tension in the muscle spindle to keep it contracting at a same relative rate as that of the skeletal muscle cell it is attached to?
Gamma
How many longitudinal veins drain the spinal cord?
6
Another name for lamina 2 in the spinal cord?
Substantia gelatinosa
If you cut the right half of your midbrain you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible.
Left hand
If you cut the right half of your C2 you will lose conscious proprioception from which area? Assume the only tract that exists is the fasciculus cuneatus to make this question as basic as possible?
Right hand
A loss of tase from the back of the tongue would involve a lesion to which cranial nerve?
9
The Glosopharyngeal nerve supplies which salivary gland and uses which fiber type?
Parotid, GVE
Which fiber type in vagus will provide sensation from the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
GVA
What is the condition that affects most commonly women over age 50 and causes excrutiating pain alon the trigeminal nerve pathway?
Tic Douloreux
What does ARAS stand for?
Ascending Reticular Activating System
Which nucleus is located in the pons and impacts salivation?
Superior salivatory
Medial medullary syndrome is caused by a lesion to which artery? (Remember AM)
Anterior spinal artery
Which cranial nerve innervates the mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani?
Trigeminal
With medial medullary syndrome some patients have ____ hemiplegia of the body and ___ tongue deviation?
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Lateral medullary syndrome is caused by a session to which artery?
PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery
With lateral medullary syndrome there is a ____ loss of pain and temperature from the face and a ___ loss of pain and temperature from the body.
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
The auditory pathway involves which leminiscus?
Lateral leminiscus
Which branch of the trigeminal is sensory from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?
V3
What does the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal sense?
Proprioception from the face
Which is a relay for the auditory pathway?
Medial geniculate body
How many neurons does it take to reach the cerebral cortex in the olfactory pathway?
2
What are chemicals released from the body that affect reproductive behavior, the chemicals are released by males and females
Pheromones
What special sense involves mitral cells?
Smell
What is the tase umami?
Broth
The chorda tympani is associated with which cranial nerve in the taste pathway?
VII
What could you not see if you damaged the right temporal retina
Objects to the left with your right eye
Which cranial nerve receives pain from the cornea?
Trigeminal
Which cells myelinate cranial nerve 2?
Ogliodendrocytes
Meyer’s loop is associated with visual information on the ___ and it passes through the ___ lobe mostly when looking dead ahead?
Sky, temporal
Which cranial nerve controls the stapedius muscle?
7
Which cranial nerve would be stimulated most by direct carotid massage?
9
What is the term for autonomic condition when you lay down and then go to a seated position that you feel dizzy?
Orthostatic hypotension
Which plexus of the enteric nervous sy-stem innervated the muscularis externa layer and is primarily responsible for peristalsis?
Auerbach’s/myenteric plexus
What is micturition?
Urination
Which neurotransmitter is released from parasympathetic post-ganglion is to cause erection of the penis and clitoris during sexual excitation?
Nitric oxide
The cerebellum is composed of how many lobes?
3
What fissure separates the superior from the inferior surface of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?
Horizontal
