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Brainstem Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many functional components (GSE, etc) are found in the spinal cord?

A

4

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2
Q

The afferent fibers are separated from the efferent fibers by what?

A

Sulcus limitans

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3
Q

Where is the sulcus limitans found?

A

Fourth ventricle of the brain

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4
Q

How many functional components of cranial nerves are there (in the brainstem)?

A

7

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5
Q

Of the initials of functional components of nerves, what initials is there not one of anywhere in the body?

A

SSE

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6
Q

What does ARAS stand for?

A

Ascending
Reticular
Activating
System

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7
Q

What type of functional fiber is cranial nerve I for sense of smell?

A

SVA

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8
Q

What are the functional fibers for Cranial nerve VIII for sense of balance?

A

SSA

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9
Q

What does INO stand for?

A

Inter nuclear opthalmoplegia

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10
Q

Columns of nuclei form during embryonic development from what?

A

Basal plate

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11
Q

Cell bodies of neurons that supply skeletal muscles are derived from ____ myotomes.

A

Cephalic myotomes

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12
Q

The basal plate contains primarily ___ neurons and the alar plate contains primarily ___

A

Motor, sensory

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13
Q

What is the name of the 1st brachial arch? What cranial nerve forms from it? And what muscle group forms from it?

A

Mandibular arch
Trigeminal nerve - CN V
Muscles of mastication

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14
Q

What is the name of the 2nd brachial arch, what cranial nerve is formed from it and what muscle group is formed from it?

A

Hyoid arch
Facial nerve - CN VII
Muscles of facial expression

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15
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX controls they stylopharyngeus muscle. Both are derived from which branchial arch?

A

3rd

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16
Q

The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice versa). This process is achieved by the lens changing its shape

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus of CN II whose function is pupil constriction and accommodation of the lens

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

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18
Q

Where is the edinger-Westphal nucleus located?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

Where is the superior salivatory nucleus located?

A

Pons

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20
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus of CN VII, supplies the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands

A

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus of cranial nerve IX, supplies the parotid gland

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus

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22
Q

Where is the inferior salivatory nucleus located?

A

Medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus nerve - CN X. It supplies the thoracic and abdominal viscera

A

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus

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24
Q

Which functional nerve fibers are made of of cell bodies of neurons that supply skeletal muscle and are derived from the brachial arches?

A

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)

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25
Q

What are the 4 special visceral effect nuclei?

A

Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Nucleus of facial nerve
Nucleus ambiguous
Accessory nucleus

26
Q

What is the function of the olivary nuclear complex?

A

Control of voluntary motor movement

27
Q

What is the function of the inferior olivary nucleus?

A

Cerebellar motor-learning and function

28
Q

What is the function of the superior olivary nucleus?

A

Aids in perception of sound

29
Q

What are the 3 fibers of the Olivary nuclear complex?

A

Cortico-olivary fibers
Spino-olivary fibers
Olivocerebellar fibers

30
Q

Where do the cortico olivary givers run?

A

From the motor cortex to the inferior olivary nucleus

31
Q

Where do the spino-olivary fibers run?

A

From the spinal cord to the inferior olivary nucleus

32
Q

Where do the olivocerebellar fibers run?

A

From the inferior olivary nucleus top the cerebellum

33
Q

Name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata.

A

Climbing fibers

34
Q

What is the function of the olivocerebellar system?

A

Enables a person to modify a motor response

35
Q

What is the term for adaptability, or the ability of a person to modify a motor response?

A

Motor plasticity

36
Q

What is the system responsible for jolting you back awake when you are sleeping while driving late at night?

A

Ascending Reticular Activating System

ARAS

37
Q

This structure extends through the central core of the medulla oblongata, pons and stops in the midbrain. It is an intricate system composed of loosely clustered neurons in what is otherwise white matter. Is responsible for arousal, attention, sleep and regulates awareness.

A

Reticular formation

38
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharangeal nerve - CN IX

39
Q

The midline zone (Raphael nuclei) of the reticular formation releases what neurotransmitter?

40
Q

Receives input from multiple sensory systems via lateral reticular formation

A

Medial pontine reticular formation

41
Q

What are the functions of the dopamine pathway?

A 
Reward (motivation)
Pleasure, euphoria
Motor function (fine tuning)
Compulsion
Preservation
42
Q

What are the functions of the serotonin pathways?

A

Mood
Memory processing
Sleep
Cognition

43
Q

What part of the brain is affected with sleeping sickness or coma?

A

Reticular formation/AscendingReticular activating system ARAS

44
Q

Which structure of the brain does the following: Controls cycles of sleep and wakefulness, posture and muscle tone, processing of pain, jolt back awake when you are sleeping while driving late at night, contains respiratory and cardiac centers, associated with level of consciousness.

A

Reticular Formation

45
Q

A lesion to the reticular formation will cause what?

46
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for the following:

  • Controls visceral activity
  • Output of emotions from limb is systems
  • Neural and endocrine functions, self preservation and preservation of the species
  • Water balance, food intake, endocrine control, reproduction, sleep, behavior, output of the endocrine system?
A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves of the medulla?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Accessory (CN XI)
Vagus (CN X)
Glossalpharyngeal (CN IX)

48
Q

Which nucleus is associated with Hypoglossal nerve CN II?

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

49
Q

LMN lesion causes atrophy and deviation of tongue to the same side of the lesion.
UMN lesion causes the tongue to deviate to the opposite side of the lesion without atrophy… Which cranial nerve is lesioned?

A

Hypoglossal - CN XII

50
Q

Which types of fibers does the Spinal Accessory Nerve - CN XI contain?

A

SVE and GSE

51
Q

What two nuclei are associated with the spinal accessory nerve CN XI?

A 
Nucleus Ambiguous (located in medulla)
Accessory nucleus (located in spinal cord)
52
Q

Which nuclei does the spinal accessory nerve CN XI get its fibers from?

A

SVE from nucleus ambiguous

GSE from the accessory nucleus

53
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve CN XI innervate?

A

Muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate (SVE) and the SCM and trapezius muscles (GSE).

54
Q

The spinal accessory nerve enters the cranium via the ____ ____ and exits through the ____ ___

A

Foramen magnum

Jugular foramen

55
Q

Patient fails to shrug the shoulders, fails to raise arm above horizontal and cannot turn face to the opposite side. Which cranial nerve is lesioned?

A

Spinal accessory nerve - CN XI

56
Q

Coronatropic is in regards to what?

A

Heart rate

57
Q

Ionotrophic is in regards to what?

A

Heart force

58
Q

What does a LMN lesion of the hypoglossal nerve - Cranial nerve XII cause?

A

Atrophy and deviation of the tongue to the same side of the lesion

59
Q

What are the 5 functional components and of the vagus nerve?

A 
SVA
GVA
SVE
GVE
GSA
60
Q

A lesion to which cranial nerve will affect phonation?

A

Vagus nerve - CN X

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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