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Neuroanatomy > Motor Tracts > Flashcards

Motor Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the motor tracts that originate from the cerebral cortex (outer grey matter) called?

A

Pyramidal

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2
Q

What does ACH stand for?

A

Anterior horn cell

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3
Q

The pyramidal tract passes through the ____ limb of the internal capsule

A

Posterior

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4
Q

What percentage of fibers (axons) cross to make up the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

90%

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5
Q

For the lateral corticospinal tract, at what level does the decussation of axons (fibers) occur mostly?

A

Medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Large alpha motor neurons activate which of the following?

A. Intrafusal fibers, which is skeletal muscle
B. Intrafusal fibers, which are muscle spindles
C. Extradural fibers, which is skeletal muscle
D. Extradural fibers, which are muscle spindles

A

C. Extradural fibers, which is skeletal muscle

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7
Q

What ion gives the red nucleus its characteristic color?

A

Iron

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8
Q

A subcortical region that is the beginning of the rubrospinal tract

A

Red nucleus

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9
Q

Which of the following is an extrapyramidal tract?

A. Anterior spinothalamic
B. Fasciculus gracillis
C. Tectospinal
D. Posterior spinocerebellar

A

C. Tectospinal

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10
Q

What 3 main tracts ascend up the spinal leminiscus?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Spinotectal tract

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11
Q

The rubrospinal tract _______.

A. mostly decussates
B. Does not decussate

A

A. Mostly decussates

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12
Q

The vestibulospinal tract increases activity in which group of muscles?

A

Extensors

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13
Q

Where do the descending motor pathways begin?

A

Precentral gyrus - supraspinal centers (cerebral cortex or subcortical centers)

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14
Q

Which gyrus is considered the motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

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15
Q

The rubrospinal tract facilitates which muscle group?

A

Facilitates Flexors of the spine and upper extremities

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16
Q

Which muscle group does the rubrospinal tract inhibit?

A

Extensors of the spine and upper extremities

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17
Q

Which motor tract refines movements of the corticospinal tract and controls errors?

A

Rubrospinal tract

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18
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract begin?

A

Red nucleus in the midbrain

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19
Q

Where do the pyramidal tracts originate?

A

Cerebral cortex

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20
Q

Where do the extrapyramidal tracts originate?

A

Subcortical centers

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21
Q

Which tracts are considered as UMNs affecting the activity of LMNs (anterior horn cells of ventral gray matter or motor nuclei of cranial nerves)?

A

Extrapyramidal tracts

22
Q

Which tracts are extrapyramidal tracts?

A

Rubrospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

23
Q

Largest tract with over one million fibers

A

Pyramidal tract

24
Q

Contralateral tract controlling the motor to the contralateral side of the body

A

Pyramidal tract

25
Q

Only descending tract that originates in the cerebral cortex

A

Pyramidal tract

26
Q

Controls all voluntary movements, especially skilled/fine movements of the distal parts of the limbs (especially dexterous movements involving individual digits)

A

Pyramidal tract

27
Q

Which Brodman’s area is known as the primary motor cortex?

A

Brodman’s area 4

28
Q

Which Brodman’s area is known as the promotor area?

A

Brodman’s lateral area 6

29
Q

Which Brodman’s area is known as the supplementary motor area?

A

Brodman’s medial area 6

30
Q

Which Brodman’s area is known as the primary sensory cortex?

A

Brodman’s area 3, 1, 2

31
Q

What (specific area) do the pyramidal tracts originate?

A 
Originates as axons from:
Primary motor cortex (area 4)
Precentral gyrus
Premotor area (lateral area 6)
Supplementary motor area (medial area 6)
Cingulate gyrus
Primary sensory cortex (3, 1, 2) at the post central gyrus
32
Q

Distorted picture of the body with the various parts having a size proportional to the area of the cerebral cortex devoted to their control.

A

Homunculus

33
Q

The converging descending fibers of the pyramidal tract

A

Corona radiate

34
Q

After the pyramidal tract fibers form the corona radiata, where do they pass next?

A

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

35
Q

What is another name for the crus cerebri?

A

Basis pedunculi

36
Q

Where do the descending fibers of the pyramidal tract go after they pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

It continues through the basis pedunculi (crus cerebri) of the midbrain

37
Q

Where does the pyramidal tract “break” into bundles?

A

In the pons (by the transverse pontine fibers)

38
Q

“Feet of the brain”

A

Cerebral peduncle

39
Q

Where do the pyramidal tract fibers regroup and form the pyramid on either side of the midline?

A

Medulla oblongata

40
Q

Where do 90% of the fibers of the pyramidal tract decussate and what do they form?

A

Decussation of the pyramids forming the lateral corticospinal tract

41
Q

In which column is the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

Lateral white column

42
Q

Which tract descends the whole length of the spinal cord, ending on the inter neurons and on the anterior horn cells of all spinal cord segments?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

43
Q

The fibers of the pyramidal tract split into two different tracts; what are those two tracts, where do the decussate, and what percentage of the pyramidal tract fibers are in each?

A

90% = lateral corticospinal tract, decussate at the decussation of the pyramids

10% = anterior corticospinal tract, decussate at the anterior white commissure

44
Q

Which motor tract controls the axial trunk musculature?

A

Anterior corticospinal tract

45
Q

What motor tract focuses on the extremities, especially the digits?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

46
Q

Most of the corticospinal tract fibers synapse with inter neurons/internuncial neurons at what Rexed lamina?

A

Rexed Lamina VIII

47
Q

Descending autonomic fibers “descend” from what structures of the brain?

A

Hypothalamus and reticular formation

48
Q

Descending autonomic fibers descend with which tracts?

A

Reticulospinal tracts

49
Q

ANY Brainstem or spinal cord injury would affect what functions?

A

Autonomic nervous systems functions (aka sympathetic and parasympathetic functions)

50
Q

Descending autonomic fibers begin where and end where?

A

Begin at hypothalamus and reticular formations

End on autonomic neurons
Sympathetic - Lateral horns of T1-L2
Parasympathetic - Lateral grey matter S2-S4 and motor parasympathetic cranial nerve nuclei (3, 7, 9, 10)

51
Q

This structure of the brain releases release hormones associated with hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual activity, arousal, parenting, perspiration, blood pressure, heart rate, shivering, pupil dilation, circadian rhythms, sleep

A

Hypothalamus

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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