Old Homework Flashcards
study of pt positioning performed for vis. of specific body parts on IR
rad positioning
direction/path of CR as it passes thru pt, projecting an img onto the IR
projection
describes the body part as seen by the IR; restricted to the discussion of an XR/img
view
recumbent pos w head tilted higher than feet
Fowler’s
recumbent obl pos w pt lying on L ant side, w knee & thigh flexed & L arm extended down behind the back
Sim’s
recumbent supine pos w knees and hip flexed & thighs abducted & rotated externally, supported by ankle supports
Lithotomy
bending of part outward/away from midline of body
valgus
“knock-kneed” bending of a part inward/toward midline
varus
higher the density, the _____ light is transmitted through the img
less
controlling factors of what include: geometric factors (focal spot size, OID/SID), film speed, motion
spatial resolution
what has these 4 primary controlling factors: SID, OID, object/IR alignment, & CR alignment/centering
distortion
PACS?
picture archiving & comm system
rules of what’s acceptable toward pt’s & other healthcare team members as well as personal actions/behaviors as defined w/in the profession
code of ethics
ARRT
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
ASRT
American Society of Radiologic Technologists
3 min projections when joints are an area of interest?
AP/PA, obl, lat
when viewing an XR the pt is facing?
the viewer, w pt in anatomical pos. (pt’s L to viewer’s R)
sci of body structure
anatomy
sci of f(x) of living systems
physio
10 body systems
skeletal, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, nervous, muscular, endocrine, integumentary
how many bones in axial skeleton?
80
cranial bones
8 (2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 frontal, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid)
bones in vertebral column
26 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx)
bones in chest
25 (1 sternum, 24 ribs)
how many bones in appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
how many carpals in ea hand?
8
how many tarsals in ea foot?
7
arthrology
study of joints
unit of exposure that measures the amount of ionization created in the air is
Roentgen (R) or coulomb (C) per kg
unit of rad dose?
gray or rad (pt dose)
measure of equivalent dose
sievert or rem (occupational)
measure of effective dose
sievert or rem; risk from a partial body exposure; allows comparisons of relative risks from various procedures
7 ways to reduce pt exposure
min. repeats, correct filtration, accurate collimation (w/in 2%), specific area shielding, protect fetus, optimum IR speed (generally higher IR speed, AEC), select correct techniques
pt dose is _______ during AEC when the kV is increase
decreased
pb aprons should have a minimum of how much pb?
0.5 mm to reduce exposure by a factor of 50
most commonly fractured carpal
scaphoid
grids generally not required unless the anatomy measured greater than
10 cm
elbow XR shows radius directly superimposed over ulna and coronoid process in profile. what projection was performed?
med. obl. elbow
when performing a lat forearm/elbow, shoulder must be dropped to place entire upper limb on same _______ plane
horizontal
a non visible post. fat pad on a well-exposed, correctly positioned lat elbow generally suggests?
neg study for injury
which carpal articulates w radius?
scaphoid
finger tips called
tuft
hand has how many bones?
27 (14 phalanges, 5 metacarpals, 8 carpals)
largest wrist bone?
capitate/os magnum
sesamoid bones begins to develop btw ages?
8-12
what controls detail
focal size
what must you do during lat wrist for true lat
supinate thumb 5º
fat pads on elbow indicate?
possible fracture
(elbow) you see the radial head better in which pos?
ext obl
(elbow) you see coronoid process better in which pos?
int obl
