okay things I don't remeber (which is a lot)

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

Cellular organisation
Reproduction
Metabolism 
Homeostatis
Heredity
Response to stimuli 
Growth and development 
Adaption through evolution

Question 2

What is the size of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

10um –> 100um

Question 3

What is the size of a mitochondria?

Answer 3

1 - 10

Question 4

What is the size of a nucleus?

Answer 4

9um

Question 5

What are bigger, ribosomes or proteins?

Answer 5

Ribosomes are bigger then proteins

Question 6

What are some monosacc?

Answer 6

hexose, pentose

Question 7

What are some polysacc

Answer 7

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 8

What can haematopeietic cells be used for?

Answer 8

found in the
bone marrow and can
be used for transplants.

Question 9

How does gene therapy with a virus work?

Answer 9

1. Insert RNA version of normal allele into retrovirus or other viral vector
2. Let that virus infect bone marrow cells that have been removed from the patient and cultured
3. Viral DNA carrying the normal allele inserts into chromosome

Question 10

What are the three functions of the cell wall?

Answer 10

• Influences cell morphology
• Provides structural support
• Prevents excessive water uptake

Question 11

What is lignin?

Answer 11

Lignin is the second most abundant macromolecule

• -> Complex polymer
• -> Confers strength, rigidity to the secondary cell wall and acts to exclude water

Question 12

Why does the cell need energy for?

Answer 12

• For mechanical work
• To make new materials
• For transport
• To maintain order

Question 13

What does glycolysis produce?

Answer 13

produces NAD+

and ATP

Question 14

what does pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle generate?

Answer 14

ATP and NADH and FADH2

Question 15

What are carbs jobs?

Answer 15

Recognition, energy, structure

Question 16

What are protein functions?

Answer 16

Structural, regulatory, contractile, transport, storage, protective, catalytic, toxic

Question 17

What are lipid functions?

Answer 17

Structural, regulatory, energy

Question 18

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 18

Proteins with added carbs

Question 19

What must a cell do?

Answer 19

—> Manufacture cellular materials
—> Obtain raw materials
—> Remove waste
—> Generate the required energy
—> Control all of the above

Question 20

What must organelles do?

Answer 20

—> Provide conditions for specific processes
—> keep incompatible processes apart
—> Allow specific substrates to be concentrated
—> Form contration gradient
—> Package substances for transport or export

Question 21

What are roles of membrane proteins?

Answer 21

—> Signal transduction
—> Liking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix
—> Intercellular joining
—> Cell recognition

Question 22

What the gogli do?

Answer 22

—> Glycolsation (addition or modification) of carbs
—> produces many polysaccharide
Sorting proteins: adds molecular markers
Directing vesticles: adds molecular tags

Question 23

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 23

Recptor mediated: allows the cell to take up bulk quantities of specific substances which may be present at only low concentrations in the extracellular fluid.

Question 24

What do vaucoles do?

Answer 24

Vacuoles are important in plants
—> Can perform lysosome like functions
—> Small vacuoles store organic compounds
—> Large central vacules absorbs water

Question 25

What can microfilaments form?

Answer 25

Linear strands
3D dimensional networks
Resist tension

Question 26

What are desmosomes?

Answer 26

—> Connected by intermediate filaments

Question 27

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 27

—> Collagen fibres imbedded in a matrix of peptidoglycan (proteins with extensive sugar additions)