Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DDS LEC > Ointments, Creams and Gels > Flashcards

Ointments, Creams and Gels Flashcards

1
Q

semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membrane

A

Ointments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Latin for ointment

A

Unguentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

unmedicated ointments are used for the physical effects they provide as

A

Protectants, emollients and lubricants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

May be used for their physical effects or as vehicles for medicated ointments

A

Ointment Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other name for Oleaginous Bases

A

Hydrocarbon base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oleaginous Bases effects on the skin

A

✓ Protect against escape of moisture
✓ Effective as occlusive dressings
✓ Remain on the skin for long periods without drying out
✓ Difficult to wash off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of Oleaginous Bases

A

Petrolatum, USP
White Petrolatum, USP
Yellow Ointment, USP
White Ointment, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Petrolatum, USP aka

A

Yellow petrolatum/ petroleum Jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Commercial product of Petrolatum, USP

A

Vaseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obtained from petroleum and may be used alone or in combination

A

Petrolatum, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Petrolatum, USP color and meting point

A

Color: from yellowish to light amber
Melts at 38°C to 60°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

White Petrolatum, USP aka

A

White petroleum jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

it has a lighter color, and considered as more aesthetically pleasing

A

White petrolatum, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Commercial product of white petrolatum, USP

A

White Vaseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Has been wholly or nearly decolorized

A

White petrolatum, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Yellow ointment, USP aka

A

Simple ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purified wax obtained from the

A

Honeycomb of the bee (Apis mellifera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Slightly greater viscosity than plain petrolatum

A

Yellow ointment, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differs from yellow ointment by substitution of white wax and white petrolatum in the formula

A

White ointment, USP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When powdered substances are to be incorporated into hydrocarbon bases, this may be used as the levigating agent.

A

liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Not easily removed from the skin with water washing, because the external phase of the emulsion is

A

Oleaginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Useful as pharmaceutical adjuncts to incorporate small volumes of aqueous solutions into hydrocarbon bases. This is
accomplished by incorporating the aqueous solution into the absorption base and then incorporating this mixture into the hydrocarbon base

A

Absorption Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Commercial products of hydrophilic petrolatum

A

Aquaphor and Aquabase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

have the capacity to absorb up to 3
times their weight in water and are useful to help incorporate water-soluble drugs

A

Hydrophilic petrolatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Example of water-soluble drugs

A

Tobramycin sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hydrophilic petrolatum concept is used in the preparation of

A

Ophthalmic ointments

27
Q

Lanolin, USP obtained from

A

Wool of Sheep (Ovis aries)

28
Q

Purified wax-like substance that has been cleaned, deodorized and decolorized

A

Lanolin, USP

29
Q

Lanolin, USP contains what?

A

NMT 25% water

30
Q

a lanolin processed to reduce the contents of free lanolin alcohols and any detergents and pesticide residues

A

Modified Lanolin, USP

31
Q

Since the external phase is aqueous (O/W), they are easily washed from the skin and are often called

A

Water-washable bases

32
Q

Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion commonly called

A

Creams and Ointment

33
Q

They can absorb serous discharges

A

Water-removable Bases

34
Q

Example of water-removable Bases

A

Hydrophilic Ointment, USP

35
Q

Does not contain oleaginous bases. Completely water washable and often referred to as greaseless

A

Water-soluble Bases

36
Q

they soften greatly with the addition of water, large amounts of aqueous solutions are not effectively incorporated into these bases.

A

Water-soluble Bases

37
Q

Example of Water-soluble bases

A

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ointment, NF

38
Q

Selection of the Appropriate Base

A

✓ Desired release rate of the drug substance from the ointment base
✓ Desirability of topical or percutaneous drug absorption
✓ Desirability of occlusion of moisture from the skin
✓ Stability of the drug in the ointment base
✓ Effect, if any, of the drug on the consistency or other features of the ointment base
✓ Desire for a base easily removed by washing with water
✓ Characteristics of the surface to which it is applied

39
Q

Ointment, Cream and Lotion are applied to

A

Ointment is generally applied to dry, scaly skin
Cream is applied to weeping or oozing surfaces
Lotion is applied to intertriginous areas where friction may occur.

40
Q

The components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained

A

Incorporation

41
Q

Preparation of Ointment

A

Incorporation
Spatulation
Levigation
Pulverization by Intervention
Incorporation of liquid
Adding Small Volumes of Alcoholic Solution

42
Q

What kind of spatula is being used when preparing the ointment by spatulation

A

Stainless steel spatula

43
Q

In a small scale, the pharmacist may mix the components using a mortar and pestle, or a spatula may be used to rub the ingredients together on an ointment slab. What kind of ointment slab?

A

large glass or porcelain plate or pill tile

44
Q

Some pharmacists use (blank) to cover the working surface

A

non absorbable parchment paper

45
Q

Allows a pharmacist to place the ingredients in a plastic ointment jar with a special lid that allows for a mixing blade to be used to mix the ingredients in the dispensing container.

A

Unguator

46
Q

The ointment is prepared by thoroughly rubbing and working the components together on the hard surface until
the product is smooth and uniform.

A

Spatulation

47
Q

Reduce the particle size of a powder or crystalline material before incorporation into the ointment base

A

Levigation

48
Q

Purpose of Levigation

A

The final product will not be gritty and be smooth

49
Q

This is usually used for levigation

A

Mortar and Pestle

50
Q

Pulverization by Intervention is done when incorporating a gummy material such as

A

Camphor

51
Q

The material is dissolved in a solvent and spread out on the pill tile. The solvent is allowed to evaporate, leaving a
thin film of material onto which the other ingredients are spread. The material is then worked into the ingredients
by trituration with a spatula

A

Pulverization by Intervention

52
Q

Liquid substances are added to an ointment only after due consideration of an ointment base’s capacity to accept the volume desired

A

Incorporation of liquid

53
Q

Alcoholic solutions of small volume may be added easily to oleaginous vehicles or emulsion bases.

A

Adding Small Volumes of Alcoholic Solution

54
Q

Example of Natural Balsams

A

Peru Balsam

55
Q

are usually mixed with an equal portion of castor oil before incorporation into a base. This reduces the surface tension of the balsam and allows even distribution of the balsam throughout the base

A

Peru Balsam

56
Q

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed

A

Fusion

57
Q

Compendial Requirements for Ointments

A

Microbial Content
Minimum fill
Packaging, storage and Labeling

58
Q

Example in microbial content

A

Betamethasone Ointment, USP must meet the requirements for the tests for absence of Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

59
Q

dermatologic products should be examined for

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

60
Q

intended for recta, urethral or vaginal use should be tested for

A

Yeasts and molds

61
Q

used for the determination of the net weight or volume of the contents of filled containers to ensure proper contents compared with the labeled amount.

A

Minimum Fill Test

62
Q

Ointments and other semisolid preparations are packaged in

A

large mouth ointment jars
metal or plastic tubes

63
Q

Light sensitive preparations are packaged in

A

opaque or light-resistant containers

64
Q

Semisolid preparations are stored in

A

Stored in well-closed containers to protect against contamination and in a cool dry place to protect against product separation in heat

DDS LEC (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions