oil production

Question 1

First step in the preparation for extraction step

Answer 1

cleaning

Question 2

Removes unwanted materials such as

Answer 2

soil, stones, sand, dirt and other seeds

Question 3

foreign mateiral are taken out by

Answer 3

sieving and magnets and disposed of outside feed chain

Question 4

seeds are cleaned and sorted by passing them over

Answer 4

vibrating or stationary gravity screens

Question 5

a positive air aspiration system is used to remove the

Answer 5

dust generated by seed movement within the screening devices

Question 6

cleaning increases

Answer 6

oil extraction efficiency

Question 7

purpose of shelling/dehulling/dehusking

Answer 7

remove the outer seed coat

Question 8

purpose of shelling/dehulling/dehusking; reduces

Answer 8

the amount of material that has to be processed, increased extraction efficiency and reduce energy cost

Question 9

purpose of shelling/dehulling/dehusking; avoid

Answer 9

avoid interference during grinding process

Question 10

example of oilssed which could be dehulled

Answer 10

rapeseed , sunflower seed

Question 11

advantage of shelling/dehulling/dehusking

Answer 11

higher quality of oil with regards to snesory characteristics, lower amounts of waced in the oil, lower tempereature development during pressing

Question 12

Purpose of crushing/griinding/flaking

Answer 12

to rupture as many cell walls as possible to improved the release of oil from the seeds

Question 13

Purpose of crushing/griinding/flaking; to reduce

Answer 13

reduce particle size as oil extraction is more efficeient if the seed is in smaller size

Question 14

Purpose of crushing/griinding/flaking; to increases

Answer 14

increases surface of seeds- easier contact of lipid particle among each other

Question 15

outcome of crushing/grinding

Answer 15

less mechanical energy required during extraction by screw press

Question 16

flaking is carried out by using

Answer 16

two cast-iron rolls with a smooth surface

Question 17

2 step process

Answer 17

1st step; the seeds are cracked to about 0.4-0.7mm thickness
2nd step; the thickness of the flakes is reduced to about 0.2-0.4mm

Question 18

thin flakes <0.2mm

Answer 18

very fragile and can get into the oil resulting in problems during filtration of the oil

Question 19

thick flakes>0.4mm

Answer 19

lower oil yield

Question 20

conditioning/heating

Answer 20

final step in raw material preparation is heating the ground/flaked oild seed

Question 21

conditioning: to heat

Answer 21

to heat the seed and hold it for proper time and temperature to soften and rupture oil-bearing cells

Question 22

high temperature during cooking

Answer 22

reduce oil droplets viscosity/facilitate mergence of small lipid particles coming from the oil-bearing cells to form larger oil droplets

Question 23

conditioning/heating-deactivate enzyme-lipases

Answer 23

deactivate enzyme-lipases lead to the degradation of triglycerides and phosplolipids resulting in higher amounts of FFA