oil, fats and wax Flashcards
250000BC
animal oil
7000BC
cosmetic applications such as body oils and lotions
2000BC
scented oils for mummification and for personal hygiene, healthcare, and cosmetics
700-400BC
ancient Greeks and Romans introduced new techniques for production of oils and lotions (distillation and seed pressing)
3000BC
vegetable oil started by the natives in the tropical regions of the globe
400 and 1000AD
applied to medicine and alchemy
15th century
spermaceti
began with the whaling industry started by the Basques in the Bay of Biscay in the fifteenth century
marine oil
peculiar waxy substance from the blubber AND ARE KNOWN TO be essential for signal transmission in whales
spermaceti
used to produce cattle fodder, dog food, vitamins, supplements, glue, leather preservatives, and brake fluids.
spermaceti
17th century
large scale production
first innovative process introduced on a large scale
saponification
first chemical reaction applied to fats and oils
saponification
reaction to produce soap
saponification
Industrialization of oils and fats began with the erection of a cottonseed mill in South Carolina
1826
1865
crude oil
France (1850)
caustic soda (NaOH) was introduced for the removal of free acids from oil
1855
Oleomargarine or the margarine industry begun
1893
Fuller’s earth
used to decolored oil
fuller’s earth
by blowing steam through oil at high temperatures
deodorized
oil color reversion can be avoided and the shelf life of oil products can be improved
decolored
improves both the flavor and odor under reduced pressures
deodorized
a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst
hydrogenation
revolutionized the entire oil and fat industry
hydrogenation
is a process which upgrades oils to produce fats
hydrogenation
important process for specialized pastry fats
hydogenation
tend to show up in your high-fat dishes, such as fried food, fast food, and processed baked goods
hydrogenated oil
largest
consumption of fats for chemical raw materials
making fatty acids
classification of oil and fats
edible and inedible
improves the color, flavor, and odor of the original crude
product as well as its keeping factor
hydrogenating process
are used in the medicinal field for their
vitamin content and in the paint industry as drying oils
fishliver oils
essentially unsaturated and produce films or coatings upon oxidation
drying oil
employed with synthetic resins and cellulose derivatives to give special types of films
drying oil