OG unit 1.4 mock

Question 1

What is a Dative covalent bond?

(coordinate bond)

Answer 1

When there’s an extra proton from ig the main metal in the covalent bond?
(so just say an extra proton ig)

2 electrons deriving from the same atom

Question 2

What 2 ways polarisation can happen

Answer 2

• The bigger and more highly charged anion
• The smaller and more highly charged cation

Question 3

What is intramolecular attraction?

Answer 3

Occurs within molecules which connects the atoms together

(this force v. strong)

Question 4

What is intermolecular forces?

Answer 4

Occurs between molecules to help bind em together

(weaker than intramolecular forces)

Question 5

Explain diamond covalent bond

Answer 5

• Giant covalent (each carbon connected to 4 others by covalent bond)
• ^ Leads to a high mp (high amount of energy) to overcome

Question 6

Explain methane covalent bond

Answer 6

• Simple covalent (atoms within molecule connected by strong covalent bonds but forces between molecules are weak vdw forces)
• ^ Very little heat energy needed to overcome = low m and b points

Question 7

Learn diagram representing weak intermolecular forces if u want

Answer 7

idk

Question 8

Quick summary of effects on halogens

Answer 8

As u go down the group,
+ electrons,
mp increases,
bp increases,
states change from gas to liquid to solid

Question 9

Why does bp increase as u go down the group 4 of hydrides type shit?

Answer 9

• Molecules getting larger
• More electrons
• VDWs dispersion forces become greater

Question 10

How would the bp of alkanes compare to bp of alcohols?

Answer 10

Alkanes - Only intermolecular forces are vdw forces (very weak = little heat needed to overcome similarly for bp too)

Alcohols - Only vdw AND hydrogen bonds (which are stronger than vdw so needs more heat energy) ANd also just say how it needs to overcome both forces thats why bp is high

Question 11

Chemical can hydrogen bond = more soluble in water

A small alcohol such as methanol and ethanol is readily soluble in water. But as its carbon chain increases, alcohols become increasingly insoluble. WHY?

Answer 11

Methanol and ethanol have short alkyl chains with v. small vdw forces. As chain length increases, the vdw forces between them also increases interfering with the molecules ability to form hydrogen bonds. The alkyl chains are hydrophobic too so its non-polar.

gl man

Question 12

What does VSEPR stand for?

Answer 12

V:alence
S:hell
E:lectron
P:air
R:epulsion

Question 13

How to tell if atom is a lone pair?

Answer 13

Shares electrons and has extra electrons

Question 14

How to tell if atom is bonding pair?

Answer 14

Wants to gain electrons

Question 15

What are the 6 shapes ya learn for the molecules?

(after 2, then it starts going up by 1)

Answer 15

1. Linear (connected to 2 others)
2. Bent (“ & 104.5 degrees apart)
3. Trigonal planar (connected to 3 others & 120 degrees apart)
4. Tetrahedral (connected to 4 others & the one with 109.5 degrees apart)
5. Trigonal bipyramidal (connected to 5 others)
6. Octahedral (connected to 6 others)

Question 16

How to tell if the shape will have bendings or not?

Answer 16

Based on it repulsion strength:

S LP:LP > LP:BP > BP:BP W

Question 17

How to even answer the VSEPR question anyways?

Answer 17

1. Gain electrons of each element
2. Draw the covalent bond
3. State what pairs are seen
4. State the shape and why (for the degrees one thats the LP included)

Additionally, if u needa compare, compare their shapes and pairs ig?

Question 18

Remember that bond angle changes based on LP being present and if that pair has a lot of electrons

(press space for examples)

Answer 18

Preciate it :D

NH3 = 3 Bps & 1 Lp
Causes trigonal pyramidal , 109 degrees on one of em

H2O = 2 Bps & 1 Lp
Well ye ofc it’s bent uhhh idk where i was going with this but the top one is important okay?