Oesophagus Flashcards
Describe GORD findings on biopsy
Basal cell hyperplasia
Protrusion of rete pegs
How can you prove a patient has oesophageal atresia?
Failure to pass an NG tube
CXR shows air contrast in upper oesophageal segment
- How to diagnose a H-type tracheoesophageal fistula
- How may they present?
- Does it show on oesophagraphy? Y/N
Methylene blue at bronchoscopy
Young patients, recurrent aspirations
Doesn’t show on oesophagraphy
Is it common to get dysmotility (dysphasia) after oesophageal atresia repair? Y/N
What other congenital abnormalities are associated with oesophageal atresia?
- Yes
2. VACTERL vertebral Anal Cardiac Tracheal Esophageal Renal Limbs
Describe what a duplication cyst is
Congenital anomaly, fluid filled an-echoic submucosal lesion
What is the management of an oesophageal ring?
50 French mercury-weighted dilator
Managemt in achalasis
Hellor myotomy
Botox
Pneumatic dilatation
When does a Schiatzki ring become symptomatic
13mm
What is the treatment for Schatzki ring?
Dilatation if dysphasia
PPI to prevent recurrence
Signs and symptoms of Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
Fe deficiency Dysphagia Oesophageal web (thin horizontal membrane protruding from anterior wall)
What can cause vascular compression of the oesophagus?
Abbeeant right subclavian (pencil like indentation @ T4
Why does a CVA cause dysphagia?
Affects skeletal muscle
Difficulty initiating swallowing
(The distal 50% of the oesophagus is smooth muscle)
Describe pharyngeal closure
Nasopharyngeal closure by elevation and retraction of soft palate = upper oesophageal sphincter opens = laryngeal closure = tongue loading and pulsion = pharyngeal clearance
Describe the cause of achalasis
Loss of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus
Describe the manometry findings of achalasia
- relaxation pressure >10mmHg (RAISED)
- aperistalsis
