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GI > Oesophageal Disease > Flashcards

Oesophageal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Oesophageal Disease

A

Retrosternal Discomfort or Burning

Waterbrash or Cough

Heartburn

Dysphagia

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2
Q

Causes of Dysphagia

A

Benign or Malignant Stricture

Motility Disorders (Achalasia or presbyoesophagus)

Eosinphillic Oesophagitis

Extrinsic Compression (Lung Cancer)

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3
Q

Investigations for Oesophageal Disease

A

Endoscopy

Contrast Radiography (Barium Swallow)

Oesophageal pH and Monometry

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4
Q

Types of Endoscopic Investigations relating to Oesophageal Disease

A

Upper GI Endoscopy (UGIE)

Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (OGD)

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5
Q

Types of Motility Disorders

A

Hypermotility

Hypomotility

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6
Q

Symptoms of Achalasia

A

Progressive Dysphagia (for solids and liquids)

Weight Loss

Chest Pain (30%)

Regurgitation and Chest Infection

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7
Q

What is Achalasia

A

Functional loss of Myenteric Plexus Ganglion Cells in Distal Oesophagus and LOS
Results in functional distal Obstruction of Oesophagus
Onset in 3rd - 5th decade usually

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8
Q

Types of Treatment for Achalasia

A

Pharmacological

Endoscopic

Radiological

Surgical

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9
Q

Pharmacological Treatments for Achalasia

A

Nitrates

Calcium Channel Blocker

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10
Q

Radiological Treatment for Achalasia

A

Pneumatic Balloon Dilation

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11
Q

Endoscopic Treatment for Achalasia

A

Botox

Pneumatic Balloon Dilation

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12
Q

Surgical Treatment for Achalasia

A

(Heller) Myotomy

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13
Q

Symptoms of GORD

A

Heartburn

Cough

Waterbrash

Sleep disturbance

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14
Q

Risk Factors of GORD

A

Pregnancy

Obesity

Drugs Lower LOS Pressure

Smoking and Alcoholism

Hypomotility

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15
Q

What is GORD

A

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Acid from the stomach leaks into the Oesophagus (usually due to a misfunctioning LOS)

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16
Q

Complications of GORD

A

Ulceration (5%)

Stricture (8-15%)

Glandular Metaplasia (Barret’s Oesophagus)

Carcinoma

17
Q

Types of Hiatus Hernia

A

Sliding

Para-oesophagus

18
Q

What happens to Mucosa in Barret’s Oesophagus

A

Change from Squamous Cells to Mucin-secreting Coloumnar Epithelial Cells in Lower Oesophagus

19
Q

GORD Pathophysiology

A

Mucosa exposed to Acid and Bile
Increased cell loss and regenerative activity (ie inflamation)
Erosive Oesophagitis

GI (9 decks)

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