Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Surgery > Oesophageal cancer > Flashcards

Oesophageal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common types of oesophageal cancer?

A

Squamous + adenocarcinoma = 97% of all oesophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus occur?

A

Upper/along the length of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus occur?

A

Distal oesophagus/gatro-oesophageal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the major risk factors for oesophageal cancer?

A 
Sex: male
Race: black
Age: >65 y/o
Smoking
Heavy ethanol consumption
GORD/Barrett's oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the progression of oesophageal adenomacarcinoma from normal epithelium?

A

Normal epithelium –> GORD –> Barrett’s/metaplasia –> low-grade dysplasia –> high-grade dysplasia –> adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causative and risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

Barrett’s oesophagus
GORD
Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causative and risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus?

A 
Smoking
Alcohol
Caustic ingestion
Tylosis
Achalasia
Oesophageal diverticuli
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
HPV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is oesophageal cancer more susceptible to local spread of the malignancy?

A

The oesophagus has no serosa to impede the spread of malignant cells
Extensive lymphatics, allowing for regional spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical presentation of oesophageal cancer?

A
  • Dysphagia, usually progressive
  • Odynophagia
  • Pain in the chest, epigastrium etc
  • Hoarseness: recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement
  • Cough: oesophago-airway fistula
  • Upper GI bleeding
  • Weight loss: dysphagia, dietary changes, anorexia
  • Hypercalcaemia: paraneoplastic syndrome (PTH-related protein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnostic modalities for oesophageal cancer?

A 
Endoscopy
Contrast swallow
CT
PET scan
Oesophageal U/S (useful in T and N staging)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage 0 features?

A

Tis + N0 + M0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage I features?

A

T1 + N0 + M0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage IIA features?

A

T2 + N0 + M0
or
T3 + N0 + M0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage IIB features?

A

T1 + N1 + M0
or
T2 + N1 + M0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage III features?

A

T3 + N1 + M0

T4 + any N + M0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Oesophageal cancer Stage IV features?

A

Any T + Any N + M1

17
Q

Treatment modalities for oesophageal cancer?

A

Surgery: oesophagectomy - can be transhiatal or transthoracic
Radiotherapy:
Chemotherapy
Combination therapy of the above

18
Q

Major palliative option for oesophageal cancer?

A

Intubation +- expandable metal stent (especially useful in the presence of tracheo-oesophageal fistula

19
Q

Contraindications to surgery for oesophageal cancer?

A

Metastasis to N2 nodes (coeliac cervical, supraclavicular or solid organs (liver, lungs)
Invasion of local structures e.g. laryngeal nerve, tracheobronchial tree, aorta, pericardium
Severe associated co-morbid disease

General Surgery (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions