Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer

Question 1

what is Virchow’s node?

Answer 1

lymph node in left supraclavicular fossa

sentinel node for gastric cancer

Question 2

name given to the clinical finding of a hard and enlarged left supraclavicular node?

Answer 2

Troisier sign

Question 3

what is sister Mary Joseph’s nodule?

Answer 3

palpable nodule bulging into umbilicus which indicates underlying intra-abdominal malignancy that has metastasised, likely to peritoneum.

Question 4

investigations used to stage gastric cancer?

Answer 4

spiral CT thorax and abdomen

Question 5

how do gastric Cas spread?

Answer 5

local invasion, lymphatic, blood and trans-coelomic e.g. to ovaries-Krukenberg’s tumour.

Question 6

staging system for gastric Cas?

Answer 6

TNM:
T1-invades lamina propria or submucosa
T2-invades muscularis propria or subserosa
T3-penetrates visceral peritoneum
T4-invades adjacent structures e.g. spleen, colon.

N1-1-6LNs
N2-7-15
N3-more than 15

Question 7

how can dysphagia be relieved in the palliative treatment of patients with gastric cancer?

Answer 7

gastric cardia stenting

Question 8

most common type of gastric cancer?

Answer 8

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

gastric cancer types other than adenocarcinoma?

Answer 9

squamous cell
lymphoma
sarcoma-GIST