Oedema

Question 1

When should you take diuretics

Answer 1

At night to avoid sleep disturbances

Question 2

Loop diuretic example

Answer 2

Furosemide

Question 3

Uses of loop diuretics

Answer 3

Pt with pulmonary oedema due to left ventricular failure and in patients with chronic heart failure and resistant oedema.

Question 4

Thiazide diuretics example

Answer 4

Bendroflumethiazide

Question 5

Use of thiazide diuretics

Answer 5

Reduced oedema for heart failure and low blood pressure.

Question 6

What is loop diuretics onset and duration of action?

Answer 6

6 hours

Question 7

What patients do you have to use loop diuretics in caution with?

Answer 7

• Benign prostate hyperplasia
• Patients with GOUT (specifically furosemide) Hyperuricemia
• Patients with hyperglycaemia
• Pt with too rapid diuresis

Question 8

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 8

Hypo K / Mg / Ca / N / Cl

Question 9

What is the heart failure dosing for loop diuretics

Answer 9

20-40mg Furosemide OD

Other diuretics are BD last dose at 4pm

Question 10

What is thiazide diuretics onset and duration of action

Answer 10

Onset of action is ONE hour , duration of action is 12 – 24 hours

Question 11

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics ?

Answer 11

Hypo  K / Mg / / N / Cl
Hyper Ca
GI disturbances 
Impotence 
High LDL
It can exaturbate patient with GOUT and Diabetes due to hyperuricemia and  hyperglycaemia.

Question 12

At what EGFR are thiazide diuretics infective ?

Answer 12

<30ml/min

Question 13

What is the dosing for thiazides in heart failure patient

Answer 13

5mg in heart failure OM

Question 14

What is the dosing for thiazides in patients with hypertension?

Answer 14

2.5mg in heart failure OM

Question 15

Aldosterone antagonist example

Answer 15

Spironolactone

Question 16

Osmotic Diuretic example

Answer 16

Maltitol

Question 17

Potassium – Sparing Diuretic example

Answer 17

Amiloride

Question 18

Mechanism of action of Potassium sparing diuretics.

Answer 18

Promotes urination without the loss of K , by inhibiting Na channels.

Question 19

Side effect of K sparing diuretics

Answer 19

Hyperkalaemia

Question 20

Drug interactions with K sparing diuretics

Answer 20

ACE / ARB other diuretics K+ supplement

Question 21

Mechanism of action of Aldosterone antagonist

Answer 21

Inhibits aldosterone which causes less Na reabsorption

Therefore less K ions are exchanged for Na and therefore less lost in the urine.

Question 22

Aldosterone antagonist side effects

Answer 22

Gynomastia , Change in libido, Hyperkalaemia, Hyponatremia.

Question 23

MHRA for aldosterone antagonist

Answer 23

Aldosterone and ACE/ARB risk of hyperkalaemia and severe heart failure

Question 24

Osmotic Diuretics MOA

Answer 24

Inhibits Na retention

Question 25

Uses of osmotic diuretics

Answer 25

Oedema , Intercranial pressure