Odum 2 - Glossary Flashcards
Zone containing rooted floating and emergent vegetation along the shore of a lake or pond, where P/R > I
Littoral Zone
(from Latin lotus, “washed”) running-water ecosystems such as streams and rivers
Lotic
Rooted or large floating plants (such as water lilies)
Macrophytes
Emergent woody plants that tolerate the salinity of the open sea; trees that dominate tropical intertidal forests
Mangroves
Fish or other food farming in enclosures (mesocosms) in bays and estuaries
Mariculture
Wetland ecosystem with periodically waterlogged mineral soils dominated by cattails and sedges
Marsh
(from Greek mesos, “middle”) a midsized experimental ecosystem
Mesocosm
Undersea areas in which spreading tectonic plates create vents, hot sulfurous springs, and seeps
Midoceanic Ridges
Resemblance of one species to another as a mechanism evolved to deceive predators
Mimicry
Relationship between two species in which the growth and survival of both populations benefit
Mutualism
Refers to regions of marine environments where land masses extend outward as a continental shelf
Neretic
Rate of storage of organic matter in plant tissues exceeding the respiratory use by the plants during the period of measurement (NPP = GPP - R)
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Relationship between two species in which neither population is affected by association with the other
Neutralism
Functional role of a species in a biotic community or ecosystem
Niche
Description or model depicting the movement of nitrogen-containing compounds as they cycle among the atmosphere, soil, and living matter; movement of nitrogen, N, among the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, including transformations between different chemical forms
Nitrogen Cycle
The deep-water area of a lake that lies beyond the depth of effective light penetration, where P/R < 1
Profundal Zone
Autotrophic organisms (such as green plants that can manufacture food via photo synthesis)
Producers
Percentage of water vapor present compared with saturation under existing temperature-pressure conditions
Relative Humidity
a strip of natural vegetation that extends across the landscape (such as gallery forest along a stream)
Resource Corridor
Fire-dependent species of plants that put more energy into underground storage organs and less into reproductive structure
Resprout Species
Describes wetlands (such as fens) that obtain much of their nutrient input from groundwater
Rheotrophic
Parent rock below the C horizon of soil
R Horizon
Along banks of rivers and streams
Riparian
Organism that feeds on dead organic matter; organism that absorbs organic nutrients from dead plant or animal matter
Saprotroph
Tropical grassland on which trees and woody shrubs are widely spaced
Savanna
Refers to woody plans with leathery, evergreen leaves that prevent moisture loss
Sclerophyllous
Prefix meaning “narrow,” derived from Greek stenos
Steno
Replacement of one community or seral stage by another
Succession
Movement of sulfur, S, between the lithosphere (the dominant reservoir) and the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and the transformations between different chemical forms
Sulfur Cycle
Two dissimilar species living together in close association
Symbiosis
Circumpolar northern boreal forest biome
Taiga
Biomes dominated by grasses, such as and Androgon, Panicum, and Bouteloua, where annual precipitation is between 10 and 30 inches (25-75 centimerers) per year
Temperate Grasslands
Layer of water in a thermally stratified lake where the temperature profile changes rapidly relative to the body of water as a whole; zone of water in a thermally stratified lake between the epilimnion and hypolimnion
Thermocline
Position in a food chain as determined by the number of energy transfer steps to that level (primary producer to secondary consumer, for example); functional classification of organisms in an ecosystem according to feeding relationships
Trophic Level
Biome characterized by mosses, lichens, sedges, and forbs but absence of trees, area of permanently frozen soil dominated by treeless vegetation
Tundra
Layer of vegetation below the canopy of a forest
Understory
Movement of deep ocean water to the surface or into the euphotic zone, occurs most commonly along the west coasts of continents (for example, the Peru Current along the coast of South America)
Upwelling
Temporary pond or shallow pool filled in the spring
Vernal Pool
Catchment or drainage basin of a river; the total area above a given point on a stream or river that contributes water to the flow at that point
Watershed
Habitats that are perpetually or periodically flooded
Wetlands
Tree-covered land including associated plant and animal habitats
Woodland
Characterized by dry conditions
Xeric
Plant with special adaptions (such as sunken stomata) for surviving prolonged periods of drought
Xerophyte
Term used to describe succession on dry land or rock surface
Xerosere
Who first proposed ‘ecology’ word in 1869
German Biologist, Ernst Haeckel
Pioneered the study of food chains and population regulation, and the writings of the English botanist Richard Bradley revealed his understanding of biological productivity.
Premier Microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,
The science dealing with mechanisms of control or regulation
Cybernetics
Domesticated ecosystems that are in many ways intermediate between natural ecosystems, such as grasslands and forests, and fabricated ecosystems, such as cities.
Agroecosystems
