Odum 2 - Glossary

Question 1

Zone containing rooted floating and emergent vegetation along the shore of a lake or pond, where P/R > I

Answer 1

Littoral Zone

Question 2

(from Latin lotus, “washed”) running-water ecosystems such as streams and rivers

Answer 2

Lotic

Question 3

Rooted or large floating plants (such as water lilies)

Answer 3

Macrophytes

Question 4

Emergent woody plants that tolerate the salinity of the open sea; trees that dominate tropical intertidal forests

Answer 4

Mangroves

Question 5

Fish or other food farming in enclosures (mesocosms) in bays and estuaries

Answer 5

Mariculture

Question 6

Wetland ecosystem with periodically waterlogged mineral soils dominated by cattails and sedges

Answer 6

Marsh

Question 7

(from Greek mesos, “middle”) a midsized experimental ecosystem

Answer 7

Mesocosm

Question 8

Undersea areas in which spreading tectonic plates create vents, hot sulfurous springs, and seeps

Answer 8

Midoceanic Ridges

Question 9

Resemblance of one species to another as a mechanism evolved to deceive predators

Answer 9

Mimicry

Question 10

Relationship between two species in which the growth and survival of both populations benefit

Answer 10

Mutualism

Question 11

Refers to regions of marine environments where land masses extend outward as a continental shelf

Answer 11

Neretic

Question 12

Rate of storage of organic matter in plant tissues exceeding the respiratory use by the plants during the period of measurement (NPP = GPP - R)

Answer 12

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

Question 13

Relationship between two species in which neither population is affected by association with the other

Answer 13

Neutralism

Question 14

Functional role of a species in a biotic community or ecosystem

Answer 14

Niche

Question 15

Description or model depicting the movement of nitrogen-containing compounds as they cycle among the atmosphere, soil, and living matter; movement of nitrogen, N, among the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, including transformations between different chemical forms

Answer 15

Nitrogen Cycle

Question 16

The deep-water area of a lake that lies beyond the depth of effective light penetration, where P/R < 1

Answer 16

Profundal Zone

Question 17

Autotrophic organisms (such as green plants that can manufacture food via photo
synthesis)

Answer 17

Producers

Question 18

Percentage of water vapor present compared with saturation under existing temperature-pressure conditions

Answer 18

Relative Humidity

Question 19

a strip of natural vegetation that extends across the landscape (such as gallery forest along a stream)

Answer 19

Resource Corridor

Question 20

Fire-dependent species of plants that put more energy into underground storage organs and less into reproductive structure

Answer 20

Resprout Species

Question 21

Describes wetlands (such as fens) that obtain much of their nutrient input from groundwater

Answer 21

Rheotrophic

Question 22

Parent rock below the C horizon of soil

Answer 22

R Horizon

Question 23

Along banks of rivers and streams

Answer 23

Riparian

Question 24

Organism that feeds on dead organic matter; organism that absorbs organic nutrients from dead plant or animal matter

Answer 24

Saprotroph

Question 25

Tropical grassland on which trees and woody shrubs are widely spaced

Answer 25

Savanna

Question 26

Refers to woody plans with leathery, evergreen leaves that prevent moisture loss

Answer 26

Sclerophyllous

Question 27

Prefix meaning "narrow," derived from Greek stenos

Answer 27

Steno

Question 28

Replacement of one community or seral stage by another

Answer 28

Succession

Question 29

Movement of sulfur, S, between the lithosphere (the dominant reservoir) and the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and the transformations between different chemical forms

Answer 29

Sulfur Cycle

Question 30

Two dissimilar species living together in close association

Answer 30

Symbiosis

Question 31

Circumpolar northern boreal forest biome

Answer 31

Taiga

Question 32

Biomes dominated by grasses, such as and Androgon, Panicum, and Bouteloua, where annual precipitation is between 10 and 30 inches (25-75 centimerers) per year

Answer 32

Temperate Grasslands

Question 33

Layer of water in a thermally stratified lake where the temperature profile changes rapidly relative to the body of water as a whole; zone of water in a thermally stratified lake between the epilimnion and hypolimnion

Answer 33

Thermocline

Question 34

Position in a food chain as determined by the number of energy transfer steps to that level (primary producer to secondary consumer, for example); functional classification of organisms in an ecosystem according to feeding relationships

Answer 34

Trophic Level

Question 35

Biome characterized by mosses, lichens, sedges, and forbs but absence of trees, area of permanently frozen soil dominated by treeless vegetation

Answer 35

Tundra

Question 36

Layer of vegetation below the canopy of a forest

Answer 36

Understory

Question 37

Movement of deep ocean water to the surface or into the euphotic zone, occurs most commonly along the west coasts of continents (for example, the Peru Current along the coast of South America)

Answer 37

Upwelling

Question 38

Temporary pond or shallow pool filled in the spring

Answer 38

Vernal Pool

Question 39

Catchment or drainage basin of a river; the total area above a given point on a stream or river that contributes water to the flow at that point

Answer 39

Watershed

Question 40

Habitats that are perpetually or periodically flooded

Answer 40

Wetlands

Question 41

Tree-covered land including associated plant and animal habitats

Answer 41

Woodland

Question 42

Characterized by dry conditions

Answer 42

Xeric

Question 43

Plant with special adaptions (such as sunken stomata) for surviving prolonged periods of drought

Answer 43

Xerophyte

Question 44

Term used to describe succession on dry land or rock surface

Answer 44

Xerosere

Question 45

Who first proposed 'ecology' word in 1869

Answer 45

German Biologist, Ernst Haeckel

Question 46

Pioneered the study of food chains and population regulation, and the writings of the English botanist Richard Bradley revealed his understanding of biological productivity.

Answer 46

Premier Microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,

Question 47

The science dealing with mechanisms of control or regulation

Answer 47

Cybernetics

Question 48

Domesticated ecosystems that are in many ways intermediate between natural ecosystems, such as grasslands and forests, and fabricated ecosystems, such as cities.

Answer 48

Agroecosystems