OD 40 - Oral mucosal bacterial infections Flashcards
What bacteria causes syphilis?
T.pallidum
What are the 4 stages of syphilis?
Primary
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary
What are the clinical presentations of primary syphilis?
Primary lesion/ chancre develops at site of inoculation after 10-90day incubation (normally genital but can be oral)
Chancre: from macule to papule to ulcer, normally painless, infectious, heals spontaneously in 3-6weeks
Regional lymphadenopathy = painless and bilateral
What is secondary syphilis and when doses it occur?
Rash of varying extension, not itchy and develops as symmetrical 3-10mm pink/red macule, can progress to papules/pustules on arms/palms/soles/flanks
Can have mucous patches
6-8 weeks after primary chancre appears
Can persist weeks/months
When does tertiary syphilis occur? and why?
1-20 years if untreated, but rare due to antibiotic use and availability
What is the oral presentation of tertiary syphilis?
Tertiary syphilis known as gumma syphilis
Gummas = granulomatous like lesions, frequently affecting hard palate - which can destroy and perforate
What is the Hutchison’s triad of congenital syphilis?
Deafness
Notched incisors
Ocular interstitial keratitis
How is TB spread?
Air
What are the risk factors of developing active TB?
Malnutrition
Smoking
T2DM
Excess alcohol
What is the pathogenesis of TB?
95% = clinical asymptomatic
5% = primary TB - on lungs
Granulomas form = bacterial prison which allows the infection to ‘wall off’ from the rest of the body
Oral TB is rare, but what is the manifestation of 1.primary and 2.secondary oral TB?
- Tongue ulceration
2. Ulcer/nodules (single/multiple)
What is actinomycosis?
Rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by anaerobic gram positive bacteria
Slowly progressive painless indurated mass, evolving into multiple abscesses with draining sinus tract to skin/ oral mucosa = outer zone of granulation and central zone of necrosis
