Ocular terminology

Question 1

Adduction versus abduction

Answer 1

• Adduction: toward the midline

- Abduction: away from the midline

Question 2

Intorsion versus extorsion

Answer 2

• Intorstion: top of the eye rotates towards midline

- Extorstion: top of the eye rotates away from the midline

Question 3

what are the three tunics of the eye?

Answer 3

• outer fibrous layer (scleral)
• middle vascular layer (choroid)
• inner neural layer (retina)

Question 4

what is the outer fibrous tunic?

Answer 4

-connective tissue that forms the cornea and the sclera

Question 5

what makes up the middle vascular tunic?

Answer 5

• iris
• ciliary body
• choroid

Question 6

what makes up the inner neural layer?

Answer 6

-the retina (light capturing layer)

Question 7

what are the three chambers?

Answer 7

• anterior
• posterior
• vitreous

Question 8

where is the anterior chamber?

Answer 8

• bound by cornea in front

- bound by iris and anterior surface of the lens in back

Question 9

where is the posterior chamber?

Answer 9

-behind the iris and adjacent to the lens

Question 10

the anterior and posterior chambers are continuous through what? they both contain what?

Answer 10

• continuous through pupil

- contain aqueous humor that provides nourishment

Question 11

where is the vitreous chamber?

Answer 11

-lies adjacent to the inner retinal layer and i bound in front by the lens

Question 12

which chamber is the largest?

Answer 12

• vitreous

- makes up 80% of the volume of the eye

Question 13

what is the average axial length?

Answer 13

23.3mm

Question 14

myopia axial length

Answer 14

• eye is too long
• cornea and lens are too strong
• focus light in front of the retina

Question 15

hyperopia axial length

Answer 15

• eye too short
• lens and cornea are weak
• focus light behind retina

Question 16

emmetropic axial length

Answer 16

-cornea and lens strength matches the axial length of the eyeball

Question 17

if the axial length is 26mm, the patient is likely? 22?

Answer 17

26-myopic

22-hyperopic

Question 18

what is the fundus?

Answer 18

• interior lining of the eye

- including retina, optic disc, and macula

Question 19

what is bulbar?

Answer 19

-term pertaining to the surface of the eye

Question 20

what is palpebral?

Answer 20

-term pertaining to the eyelid

Question 21

epithelial tissue is found where?

Answer 21

-either covering the external surface of a structure or lining of a cavity

Question 22

epithelial cells are always associated with what?

Answer 22

a basement membrane that attaches them to underlying connective tissue

Question 23

retinal pigment epithelium is associated with what membrane?

Answer 23

-Bruch’s membrane

Question 24

corneal epithelium is associated with what membrane?

Answer 24

-Bowman’s membrane

Question 25

what does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 25

• cells
• fibers
• ground substance

Question 26

striated muscle is controlled by what system?

Answer 26

• motor nervous system

- voluntary movement

Question 27

smooth muscle is controlled by what system?

Answer 27

• autonomic nervous system

- not voluntary movement

Question 28

what is the only cranial nerve that is myelinated by oligodendrocytes?

Answer 28

optic nerve! CN 3

Question 29

schwann cells/ oligodendrocytes/astrocytes

Answer 29

• schwann: PNS
• Oligodendrocytes:CNS
• astrocytes: blood brain barrier/CNS

Question 30

which cells are myelinated and which are not?

Answer 30

preganglionic-myelinated

postganglionic-not myelinated