Ocular Pharmacology

Question 1

Describe the structure of the cornea layers

Answer 1

epithelium
(bowman's layer)
stroma
(Descemet's membrane)
endothelium

Question 2

what is the effect of adding acetate to a drug?

Answer 2

Makes it more hydrophobic

hydrophobic drugs can penetrate the cornea well

useful to treating INSIDE the eye

Question 3

what is the effect of adding phosphate to a drug?

Answer 3

makes it more hydrophilic

hydrophilic drugs don’t penetrate well

best for ocular surface diseases

there are lower dose steroids

Question 4

alcohol vs. phosphate

which one is hydrophilic?

Answer 4

phosphate is hydrophilic (surface)

alcohol / acetate is hydrophobic (inside)

Question 5

what additional ingredient improves penetration?

Answer 5

Benzylkonium
also acts as a preservative
strips the cornea (damages)

Question 6

difference between Intravitreal vs intracameral?

Answer 6

intracameral = anterior 
intravitreal = posterior

Question 7

when do you need intravitreal injections (3)

Answer 7

endophthalmitis ABs
intraocular steroids
monoclonal VEFG

Question 8

glaucoma medication works in what way?

Answer 8

either opens up the drainage system or turns of the aqueous tap

Question 9

what can be used to investigate obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts?

Answer 9

fluorescein !

also for angiography + finding leaks + measure IOP

Question 10

what does Tropicamide do? what is the another drug that also does this?

Answer 10

mydriatic = dilation
cyclopentolate

(dilated in Club T)

Question 11

what does phenylephrine do? another drug that also does this?

Answer 11

Sympathomimetics = dilation
atropine

atropine also causes paralysis of the ciliary muscle = cant accommodate “cycloplegia”

Question 12

is chloramphenicol hydrophobic or hydrophilic??

Answer 12

Both (hehe)