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Neuro Block 2 Pharm > Ocular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of adrenergics in ocular pharm

A

stimulate mydriasis via alpha-1 and production of aqueous humor via alpha-2/beta-2 and lacrimal secretions via alpha-1, relaxation of ciliary muscle via beta-2

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2
Q

MOA of cholinergics in ocular pharm

A

control accomodation via M3 and miosis via M3, responsible for stimulating lacrimal secretion (M2, M3)

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3
Q

muscarinic antagonists in ocular pharm

A

atropine, scopolamine

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4
Q

MOA of muscarinic antagonists

A

Produce cyclopegia and mydriasis via inhibition of muscarinic receptors.

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5
Q

AE of muscarinic antagonists

A

↑ IOP, transiently stings & burns. Systemic effects include dry mouth, skin, photophobia, tachycardia, palpiations, headache, and somnolence.

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6
Q

CI of muscarinic antagonists

A

in glaucoma & with sulfite preservative allergy

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7
Q

clinical utility of muscarinic antagonists

A

Treatment of iris/uveal tract inflammatory conditions & for eye examination

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8
Q

muscarinic agonists in ocular pharmacology

A

carbachol, pilocarpine

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9
Q

moa of muscarinic agonists

A

direct-acting miotics, ↑aqueous humor flow

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10
Q

AE of muscarinic agonists

A

transient stinging, tearing, decreased night vision

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11
Q

CI of muscarinic agonists

A

if constriction undesirable (iritis, uveitis, inflammatory condition of anterior chamber). Also CI if have medical condition that is cholinergic mediated

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12
Q

AChE inhibitors

A

ecothiophate

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13
Q

AE of ecothiophate

A

more common that direct acting, additive effects with carbamate & organophosphate toxicity

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14
Q

CI of ecothiophate

A

closed-angle glaucoma

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15
Q

sympathomimetics in ocular pharm

A

phenylephrine, apraclonidine, brimonidine, tetrahydrolozine

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16
Q

general MOA of sympathomimetics

A

↓IOP by ↑outflow of aqueous humor from the eye

17
Q

which drugs are non selective alpha agonists

A

PE, tetrahydrozoline

18
Q

which drugs have some effect on beta recpetors

A

all (but dipiverin)

19
Q

which drugs act on alpha 2 receptors

A

apraclonidine, brimonidine

20
Q

AE of sympathomimetics

A

photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia hypersensitivity

21
Q

drugs used as decongestant

A

phenylephrine, tetrahydrolozine

22
Q

PG analogs

A

latanoprost, bimatoprost

23
Q

Caution with use of sympathomimetics

A

Used with caution in HTN, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, asthma, etc.

24
Q

MOA of PG analogs

A

unclear BUT thought to facilitate aqueous outflow via accessory uveoscleral outflow pathway

25
Q

AE of PG analogs

A

blurred vision, burning/stinging, itching

26
Q

issue with chronic use of PG analogs

A

slow & permanent brown pigmentation of iris, eyelid skin, and eyelashes; also ↑growth including

27
Q

mechanism of activation of PG analogs

A

activated by local esterases for better corneal penetration

Peak conc in ~2 hr

28
Q

which drug is also approved for hypotrichosis

A

bimatroprost

29
Q

beta-adrenergic antagonists

A

timolol maleate, carteolol

30
Q

clinical utility for PG analogs

A

1st/2nd line glaucoma

31
Q

MOA of BBs

A

specifically B2-antagonists, inhibit production of aqueous humor thereby reducing intraocular pressure

∙ ↓cAMP-PKA stimulation (??)
∙ ↓ocular blood flow (??)

32
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

dorzolamide

33
Q

AE of BBs

A

systemic effects and damage to contact lenses

Damage caused by co-formulation with benzalkonium chloride

34
Q

AE of CAIs

A

localized reactions; ocular irritation, burning, stinging, 25% have dysgeusia; blurred vision, lacrimation, photophobia & xeropthalmia. Bacterial keratitis from contaminated multi-dose containers.

35
Q

MOA of CAIs

A

CA2 expressed in all cells, by reducing HCO3= reduce fluid transport and ↓IOP

36
Q

CI of CAIs

A

SULFA allergy warning

Neuro Block 2 Pharm (10 decks)

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