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Ophthalmology Rotation > Ocular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ocular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

terminology

  • right eye
  • left eye
  • both eyes
A
  • OD Oculus dexter
  • Right eye
  • OS Oculus sinister
  • Left eye
  • OU Oculi uterque
  • Both eyes
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2
Q

Orbital Anatomy

  • species comparison
A
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3
Q
  • *Extraocular Muscles**
  • *• Innervation**
A
  • Oculomotor (CN III)
    • Dorsal (superior) rectus, ventral (inferior) rectus, medial rectus, and ventral (inferior) oblique muscles
  • Trochlear (CN IV)
    • Dorsal (superior) oblique muscle
  • Abducens (CNVI)
    • Retractor bulbi muscle, lateral rectus
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4
Q

Rectus muscles

A

Dorsal (superior), ventral (inferior), medial, lateral
Rotate globe in the direction of their name
Innervated by CN III except lateral rectus CN VI

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5
Q

Oblique muscles

A
  • Dorsal (superior) oblique muscle (CN IV) intorsion of globe
  • Ventral (inferior) oblique muscle (CN III) extorsion of globe
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6
Q

Eyelid Anatomy

  • Components
  • Functions
A
  • Components:
  • Skin
  • Cilia
  • Subcutaneous CT
  • Muscles
  • Meibomian glands
  • Conjunctiva
  • Functions:
  • Corneal protection
  • Production, distribution, and drainage of tear film
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7
Q

Eyelid Muscles

A
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8
Q

Orbital Glands

A
  • Orbital lacrimal gland
  • ~60-70% of aqueous tear fluid
  • Superior-temporal orbit
  • Gland of the 3rd eyelid gland
  • Base of 3rd eyelid
  • ~ 30-40% of aqueous tear fluid
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9
Q

Nasolacrimal System

A
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10
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • Mucus membrane
  • Palpebral conjunctiva
  • Lines inner surface of eyelids
  • Bulbar conjunctiva
  • Covers surface of globe
  • Nictitans membrane
  • Conjunctival fornices
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11
Q

Layers of the Eye

A
  • Fibrous tunic
    • Cornea
    • Sclera
  • Vascular tunic
    • Anterior uvea
      • Iris
      • Ciliary body
    • Posterior uvea
      • Choriod
  • Neural tunic
    • Retina
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12
Q

Cornea

A
  • Epithelium
  • Stroma
  • Descemet’s membrane
  • Endothelium
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13
Q

Cornea

  • innervation
  • clarity
  • thickness
A
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14
Q

Corneal Epithelium

A
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15
Q
  • Descemet’s membrane
  • Endothelium
A
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16
Q

Sclera

A
  • Limbus
    • Corneoscleral junction
    • Variably pigmented
  • Lamina cribosa
    • Optic nerve passes through sclera
  • Scleral thickness
    • Varies considerably
    • Thinnest near the equator
      • dog 0.12mm
17
Q

Uveal Tract

A
  • Anterior uvea
    • Iris
    • Ciliary body
  • Posterior uvea
    • Choroid
      • Tapetum
18
Q

Iris

  • muscles
  • innervation
A
19
Q

Ciliary Body

A
20
Q

Aqueous Humor Outflow
• Conventional outflow pathway

A

→ Ciliary body epithelium
→ Posterior chamber
→ Pupil
→ Anterior chamber
→ Iridocorneal angle
→ Vortex veins
→ Systemic circulation

21
Q

Aqueous Humor Outflow
• Unconventional outflow pathway

A
  • Uveoscleropathway
  • Iris stroma
  • Ciliary body stroma
  • Supraciliary-suprachoroidal space
  • Sclera
  • Systemic circulation
  • Species variation
    • 3% cat
    • 15% dog
    • ~50% horse
22
Q

Aqueous Humor Outflow

  • conventional vs unconventional (diagram)
A
23
Q

Posterior Uvea

A
  • Choroid
  • Comprised primarily of blood vessels
  • Choriocapillaris
    • Main source of nutrition for outer layers of retina
  • Tapetum
  • Large vessel layer
24
Q

Tapetum Lucidum

A
  • Reflective layer in the inner choroid
  • Dorsal fundus
  • Allows second stimulation of photoreceptors
  • Lack tapetum
  • Humans, red kangaroo, squirrels, llamas, alpacas, and pigs
25
Q
A
  1. Internal limiting membrane
  2. Nerve fiber layer
  3. Ganglion cell layer
  4. Inner plexiform layer
  5. Inner nuclear layer
  6. Outer plexiform layer
  7. Outer nuclear layer
    Rod and cone nuclei
  8. Outer limiting membrane
  9. Rod and cone layer
  10. Retinal pigment epithelium
26
Q

Retina

A
  • Rods and cones
    • Rods dim light
      • Shapes and motion
    • Cones daylight
      • Color vision
      • Visual acuity
    • Area centralis-area of high cone density in domestic animals
    • Fovea-primates, some avian and reptile species; cone-rich area
  • Potential space between RPE and photoreceptors
    • Retinal detachments
    • Retina is firmly attached
      • Optic nerve head
      • Ora ciliaris retinae
27
Q

Holangiotic Vascular Pattern

A
28
Q

Merangiotic Pattern

A
29
Q

Paurangiotic

A
30
Q

Anangiotic

A
31
Q

Lens

A
  • Lens capsule
    • Canine anterior lens capsule 50-70 um
    • Canine posterior lens capsule 2-4 um
  • Anterior epithelium
  • Lens fibers
  • Equator
  • Nucleus
  • Cortex
32
Q

Vitreous Humor

A
  • Occupies up to 2/3 volume of globe
  • Transparent, jellylike material
    • ~99% water, collagen and hyaluronic acid
  • Functions
    • Transmit light
    • Maintain the normal retinal position
33
Q

Optic Nerve

A
34
Q

nerve pathway

A
  • Retinal ganglion cells axons leave nerve fiber layer and form optic nerve
  • Optic nerve
  • Optic chiasm
    • Decussation
      • Humans 50%
      • Cats 67%
      • Dogs 75%
      • Horse 85%
      • Birds 100%

Ophthalmology Rotation (20 decks)

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