Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

unit 3 pharm > Ocular > Flashcards

Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

ACh

A
  • PS system
  • direct muscarinic agonist
  • pupillary constriction, increased aq outflow
  • tx. cataract sx and glaucoma
  • SE: SLUDGE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbachol

A
  • PS system
  • direct muscarinic agonist
  • pupillary constriction, increased aq outflow
  • tx: cataract sx and glaucoma
  • SE: SLUDGE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • PS system
  • direct muscarinic agonist
  • pupillary constriction, increased aq outflow
  • tx: catarcts and glaucoma
  • SE: SLUDGE

**Pile on the sweat, salive and tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atropine

A

antimuscarinic (PS system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scopolamine

A
  • antimuscarinic (PS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tropicamide

A

antimuscarinic (PS system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homatropine

A

antimuscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cyclopentolate

A

antimuscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antimuscarinics: mech and use

A
  • pupillary dilation, paralysis of ciliary body
  • use: cycloplegia for eye exams and to improve comfort during uveitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SE of antimuscarinics/anticholinergics

A
  • ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucinations, insomnia, photophobia, urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

location of muscarinic receptors

A
  • iris sphincter (contstrict pupil)
  • circular fibers of ciliary muscle (constrict pupil)
  • longitiudinal fibers of ciliary muscle (place tension on trabecular meshwork)

** contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork decreases IOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

edrophonium

A
  • indirect agonist of nicotinic receptor
  • destroys AChE
  • used to dx Myasthenia Gravis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PS system

A
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus sends fibers in the oculomotor nerve (CN III) that synapse in the ciliary ganglia –> innervate pupillary constrictor mm
  • preganglionic lesions (before ciliary ganglion) are bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sympathetic system

A
  • originates inteh hypothalamus –> fibers descend down the brainstem to thoracic spinal cord –> synapse –> 2nd order neurons exit SC and ascend with the paravertebral sympa chain –> synapse in the superior cervical ganglion –> 3rd order neurons run with the carotid plexus –> join opthalmic division of the CNV –> fibers pass with nasociliary nerve –> long ciliary nerve –> ciliary body and dilator muscles of iris
  • preganglionic lesions (1st and 2nd order) are bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

location of sympa ocular receptors

A
  • iris dilator muscle
  • superior palpebral muscle of Muller (lifts eyelid)
  • ciliary epi (facilitates aqueous production)
  • smooth mm of ocular BV (vasodilation)
  • trabecular meshwork (increase aq outflow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phenylephrine

A
  • sympa system
  • mimic NE
  • dilation of pupil
17
Q

L-epinephrine

A

dilate pupil (sympa system)

18
Q

dipivaly epinephrine

A
  • prodrug of epi
  • dilate pupil (sympa system)
19
Q

Bromondine tartrate

A
  • alpha 2 agonist (sympa system)
  • suppress aq humor production
  • contraindication: use with MAOI can caused fatigue/drowsiness
  • ** know this one
20
Q

clonidine

A
  • alpha agonist (sympa system)
  • lowers IOP via CNS effects
21
Q

apraclonidine

A

alpha agonist (sympa system)

derivative of clonidine that doesnt cross BBB and has minimal effect on BP

22
Q

cocaine

A
  • inhibits reuptake of NE
  • used to dx Horner’s syndrome (pupil fails to dilate)
23
Q

hydroxyamphetamine (Paradrine)

A
  • releases NE
  • used to dx pre vs postganglionic lesion in Horner’s
  • dilation = 3rd neuron must be intact and lesion lies within 1st or 2nd order neuron –> CNS lesion, apical lung tumor or thoracic aortic aneurysm
24
Q

Dapiprazole

A
  • reverses action of Tropicamide and Phenylephrine
  • blockage of alpha-adrenergic receptors in smooth dilator muscle of iris
25
Q

beta blockers

A
  • Timolol, Betaxolol, Metipranolol
  • suppress aq production
  • tx: glaucoma
  • SE: bardycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, CHF, bronchospasm
  • contraindications: CHF, asthma
26
Q

Acetazolamide

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (oral)
  • reduce production of aq via intereference with active transport of Na+
  • tx: glaucoma
  • but many SE (use topicals 1st)
27
Q

ethoxzolamide and methazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibs (oral)

tx: glaucoma

but many SE

28
Q

**Dorzolamide Hydrochloride

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhib (topical)
  • decrease aq production via interference with active Na transport
  • tx: glaucoma
  • SE: allx to sulfonamides (red eyes and lid allx)
29
Q

brinzolamide

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhib (topical)
  • tx glaucoma
  • SE: red eyes and lid allx
30
Q

osmotic agents

A
  • increase serum osmolarity and draw fluid from extravascular space into blood vessels
  • tx glaucoma
  • contraindicated in PTs with potential for heart failure due to increased intravascular volume
31
Q

Latanoprost

A
  • prostaglandin (eye drop)
  • increase uveoscleral outflow
  • tx: glaucoma
  • contraindications: cystoid macular edema, herpes
  • SE: growth of eyelashes and change in color of iris
32
Q

bimatroprost, travoprost, unoprostone isopryl

A
  • prostaglandins (eye drops)
  • increase uveoscleral outflow
  • tx glaucoma
  • SE: eyelash growth, change of color of iris
33
Q

SE of adrenergics (epi, phenylephrine)

A
  • palpitiation, HTN, MI, trembling, paleness, sweating
34
Q

1st line meds for glaucoma

A
  • Timolol - beta blocker: decrease aq production
  • Latanoprost- prostaglandin: increases uveoscleral outflow
  • Brimondine - alpha 2 agonist: decrease aq production
  • Dorzolamide HCl- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: decreases aq production
35
Q

how to dx horner’s syndrome

A
  1. cocaine –> no dilation confifrms Horner’s
  2. Paredrine –> dilation = lesion at 1st or 2nd order neuron (3rd order neuron is intact but not recieving stimulus)
36
Q

how to dx Adie’s syndrome (tonic pupil)

A
  • pilocarpine 1/8% or methacholine 2.5%
  • pupil should constrict at this minimal dose because Ach will stimulate a chronically denervated nerve (due to hypersensitivity)
37
Q

how to dx pharmacologic blockade

A
  • pilocarpine 1% or methacholine 10% –> no constriction
  • pupil should constrict under any circumstances (even aneurysm bc the ciliary body is ok)

unit 3 pharm (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions