intro to CNS pharm

Question 1

receptor regulation: short vs long term desensitization

Answer 1

• acute desensitization with continued exposure to same drug or occurs rapidly with single dose (tachyphylaxis) –> caused by receptor uncoupling
• long term desensitization caused by downregulation of receptors (decrease in receptor number)

Question 2

Cholinergic

Answer 2

• neuronal origins: widespread
• projections: widespread
• function: excititatory CNS, cognition
• neuropharm: dementia (AD)

Question 3

Glutaminergic

Answer 3

• neuronal origins: thalamus, subthalamic nucleus
• projections: widespread
• function: excitatory NTM, learning and memory (long term potentiation)
• neuropharm: epilepsy, excitotoxicity

Question 4

GABAergic and glycine

Answer 4

• origins: widespread, interneurons
• projections: widespread
• function: inhibitory NTM
• neuropharm: sedatives, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants

Question 5

noradrenergic

Answer 5

• origin: Locus Coerelus
• projections: widespread
• functions: emotion, arousal, fear, stess, anxiety
• neuropharm: antidepressants, attententiveness (ADHD), wakefulness (narcotics)

Question 6

Dopaminergic

Answer 6

• origins: substantia nigra
• projections: BG, prefrontal cortex, limbic system
• functions: voluntary movement, behavior, neuroendocrine secretion
• neuropharm: Parkinson’s, pychosis, hyperprolactinemia

Question 7

serotonergic

Answer 7

• origins: Raphe nuclei
• projections: widespread
• functions: mood, sleep
• neuropharm: antidepressants, hallucinations, antipsychotics, antiemetic

R follows S in alphabet

Question 8

Histaminergic

Answer 8

• origins: tuberomamillary nucleus
• projections: widespread
• functions: wakefulness, mood
• neuropharm: sedation, cold and allx, motion sickness