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Pharm Unit 3 > Ocular > Flashcards

Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

C: Direct muscarinic agonist
M: Pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow
T: Cataract surgery, treatment of glaucoma
SE: –
MISC: “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”

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2
Q

Pilocarpine HCl (Salagen)

A

C: Direct muscarinic agonist
M: Pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow
T: Cataract surgery, treatment of glaucoma
SE: –
MISC: “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”

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3
Q

Carbachol (Miostat)

A

C: Direct muscarinic agonist
M: Pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow
T: Cataract surgery, treatment of glaucoma
SE: –
MISC: “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”

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4
Q

Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine)

A

C: Indirect muscarinic agonist
M: Irreversibly binds cholinesterase
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”

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5
Q

Atropine

A

C: Antimuscarinic
M: Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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6
Q

Scopolamine

A

C: Antimuscarinic
M: Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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7
Q

Homatropine (Equipin)

A

C: Antimuscarinic
M: Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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8
Q

Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)

A

C: Antimuscarinic
M: Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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9
Q

Tropicamide (Mydriacyl)

A

C: Antimuscarinic
M: Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body
T: Cycloplegia for eye exams, improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)
SE: –
MISC: “Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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10
Q

Edrophonium (Enlon)

A 
C: Nm agonist
M: Destroys acetylcholinesterase
T: Diagnose myasthenia gravis
SE: --
MISC: --
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11
Q

Ephinephrine

A

C: Direct adrenergic agonist
M: Dilation of episcleral vessels –> increased aqueous outflow
T: Glaucoma
SE: Extrasystoles, palpitation, hypertension, myocardial infarction, trembling, paleness, sweating
MISC: –

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12
Q

Dipivefrin HCl (Propine)

A 
C: Direct adrenergic agonist
M: Prodrug of epinpehrine
T: --
SE: --
MISC: --
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13
Q

Hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine)

A 
C: Indirect adrenergic agonist
M: Release NE
T: Separates 1st and 2nd from 3rd order neuron dysfunction in Horner's syndrome; positive dilation means 1st or 2nd order, an ominous sign
SE: --
MISC: --
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14
Q

Cocaine

A 
C: Indirect adrenergic agonist
M: Prevent reuptake of NE
T: --
SE: --
MISC: --
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15
Q

Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

A 
C: Direct α-agonist
M: Amino derivative of clonidine; does not cross blood-brain barrier --> minimal effect on systemic blood pressure
T: --
SE: --
MISC: --
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16
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

A 
C: Direct α1-agonist
M: --
T: Dilate pupil
SE: Extrasystoles, palpitation, hypertension, myocardial infarction, trembling, paleness, sweating
MISC: --
17
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A 
C: Direct α2-agonist
M: Lowers intraocular pressure through central nervous system effects
T: --
SE: --
MISC: --
18
Q

Brimondine tartrate (Alphagan)

A

C: Direct α2-agonist
M: Suppresses aqueous humor production through action of cAMP in non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
T: –
SE: –
MISC: Contraindicated with follicular conjunctivitis; use with MAOi can cause fatigue/drowsiness

19
Q

Dapiprazole

A 
C: α-antagonist
M: Blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors in smooth dilator muscle of iris
T: Reverses tropicamide, phenylephrine
SE: --
MISC: Not currently available
20
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

A 
C: α1-antagonist
M: Antagonist
T: Prostate hypertrophy
SE: --
MISC: Blocks iris dilator muscle, making cataract surgery much more difficult and with a much higher incidence of complications
21
Q

Timolol (Timoptic)

A

C: β-blocker
M: Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
T: Glaucoma
SE: “Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia”
MISC: Contraindicated in CHF, asthma; bradycardia over time may produce tachyphylaxis

22
Q

Levobunolol (Betagan)

A

C: β-blocker
M: Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
T: Glaucoma
SE: “Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia”
MISC: –

23
Q

Metipranolol (OptiPranolol)

A

C: β-blocker
M: Non-selective β1+2 blocker without significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (weak membrane stabilization, weak mycoardial depressant)
T: Glaucoma
SE: “Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia”
MISC: Only b-blocker that doesn’t follow the rule

24
Q

Carteolol (Ocupress)

A

C: β-blocker
M: Antagonist
T: Glaucoma
SE: “Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia”
MISC: –

25
Q

Betaxolol (Betoptic)

A 
C: β1-blocker
M: Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
T: Glaucoma
SE: --
MISC: --
26
Q

Latanoprast (Xalatan)

A

C: Prostaglandin analog
M: Increase uveoscleral outflow
T: Glaucoma
SE: Eyelash growth, change in iris color, intraocular inflammation
MISC: Contraindicated in cystoid macular edema and herpes

27
Q

Travoprost (Travatan)

A 
C: Prostaglandin analog
M: Increase uveoscleral outflow
T: Glaucoma
SE: Eyelash growth, change in iris color
MISC: Contraindicated in cystoid macular edema and herpes; more effective in African Americans
28
Q

Bimatoprost (Lumigan)

A 
C: Prostaglandin analog
M: Increase uveoscleral outflow
T: Glaucoma
SE: Eyelash growth, change in iris color
MISC: Contraindicated in cystoid macular edema and herpes
29
Q

Unoprostone isopryl (Rescula)

A 
C: Prostaglandin analog
M: Increase uveoscleral outflow
T: Glaucoma
SE: Eyelash growth, change in iris color
MISC: Least effective overall
30
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)

A 
C: Ca-channel blocker
M: Increases ocular perfusion at nervehead
T: Glaucoma
SE: --
MISC: --
31
Q

Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt)

A

C: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
M: Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
T: Glaucoma
SE: Red eyes, lid allergies
MISC: Contraindicated in sulfonamide allergies

32
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A 
C: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
M: Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
T: Glaucoma
SE: --
MISC: --
33
Q

Brinzolamide (Azopt)

A 
C: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
M: Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
T: Glaucoma
SE: Red eyes, lid allergies
MISC: --

Pharm Unit 3 (14 decks)

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