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Vet assisting > October lecture slides > Flashcards

October lecture slides Flashcards

1
Q

why do you use muzzles

A

-helps to distract a dog and helps protect from bites

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2
Q

why should you not leave a muzzled dog unattended

A

risk of choking on their own vomit

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3
Q

name 3 types of muzzle

A

miki muzzle, tie muzzle, cage muzzle

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4
Q

what is DUDE

A

Drinking, Urinating, Defecating, Eating

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5
Q

what is TPR

A

Temperature, Pulse, Respiration

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6
Q

How do you check capillary refill time (CRT)

A

-check gum colour and then press on the gum until it goes white
-let go, and time how long it takes to return to its normal colour
-normal time is 2 seconds, prolonged time could mean shock or blood loss

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7
Q

what is BAR

A

Bright, Alert and reactive. It describes a dog in good form

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8
Q

how do you handle a cat for vet exam

A

-scruff the skin on the back of the neck gently
-keep the spine parallel to your forearm
-use restraints such as towel wraps, cat muzzle and crush cages

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9
Q

Observation exam of an animal

A
  1. observe attitudes, behaviour and demeanour
  2. is the animal BAR.
  3. Check body position, gait, conformation, posture
  4. Abnormal noises?
  5. check coat and skin condition
  6. is the animal DUDE?
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10
Q

What is a body condition score?

A

a measure of how much fat is between the skin and muscle.
-tells us if the animal is too fat or thin on a scale of 1-5

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11
Q

what is gait

A

the way an animal moves. we watch for changes in an animals walk, trot, canter to indicate lameness

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12
Q

what is conformation

A

the animals anatomy or bone structure, determined by genetics

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13
Q

what is posture

A

how an animal holds itself. it can be hunched, with elbowed abducted or head dropped.
it can tell us about pain, lameness or. emotion

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14
Q

what is alopecia

A

hair loss, with or without itch

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15
Q

alopecia causes

A

allergy, trauma, bacteria, fungus, thyroid problems

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16
Q

what is respiration rate

A

number of breaths per minute. it increases with exercise, heat, excitement, obesity, pain, etc

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17
Q

what are the 3 breathing phases

A

inspiration, expiration, pause

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18
Q

what is depth of breathing

A

the movement of the chest and abdomen. there are deep breaths during exercise and shallow breaths during sleep

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19
Q

what is a cause of snoring

A

pharyngeal occlusion

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20
Q

what causes coughing

A

irritation of the pharynx, trachea or bronchi

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21
Q

what is the respiration rate of a canine

A

12 - 24 pm

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22
Q

what is the respiration rate of a feline

A

16 - 30 pm

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23
Q

what is the respiration rate of a equine

A

8 - 12 pm

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24
Q

what is the respiration rate of a bovine

A

10 - 30 pm

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25
Q

what is the respiration rate of a ovine

A

12 - 20 pm

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26
Q

what is the respiration rate of a mouse

A

163 pm

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27
Q

what is the pulse

A

heart rate
- increases with exercise, pain, fever
- decreases with shock, disease, anesthetics, heart failure

28
Q

where is the pulse taken in dogs

A

femoral artery on the inside of hind leg

29
Q

where is the pulse taken in bigger animals

A

facial artery, maxillary artery on jaw of coccygeal artery on tail

30
Q

what is the pulse rate of a big dog

A

60 - 90 pm

31
Q

what is the pulse rate of a cat

A

110 - 130 pm

32
Q

what is the pulse rate of a small dog

A

90 - 120 pm

33
Q

what is the pulse rate of a horse

A

28 - 40 pm

34
Q

what is the pulse rate of a cow

A

55 - 80 pm

35
Q

how do you take temperature

A

place a manual thermometer against the rectal wall for 1 minute

36
Q

what is an increase of temperature

A

hyperthermia

37
Q

what is a decrease of temperature

A

hypothermia

38
Q

what is a good temperature for a cat or dog

A

38 - 39 degrees

39
Q

what is a good temperature for bovine

A
  1. 5 - 38 degrees
40
Q

what is a good temperature for ovine

A

39 - 40 degrees

41
Q

what are lymph nodes

A

area of immune cells

42
Q

what do lymph nodes do

A

drain inflammatory cells around the body
- increase in size if there’s infection or a tumour

43
Q

examples of lymph nodes

A

-sub mandible in the jaw
-pre scapular in the front of the shoulder
-popliteal behind the knee of the back leg

44
Q

what is shock

A

a depressed state where many bodily functions are affected due to lack of circulation.

45
Q

what is cause of shock

A

caused by lack of blood flow or respiration
can happen due to trauma, infection, allergic reactions, blood loss, heart failure

46
Q

symptoms of shock

A

early- panting, rapid heart rate
late- temperature decrease, pale skin, weak pulse, unconsciousness

47
Q

what do you use to examine a nose

A

rhinoscopy: fibre optic scope

48
Q

what do you use to examine teeth

A

-explorer detects plaque, calculus and cavities
-periodontal probe

49
Q

what do you use to examine an ear

A

otoscope has light and magnifier

50
Q

what do you use to examine an eye

A

ophthalmoscope checks for retinal detachment or diseases

51
Q

what do you use to examine the chest

A

stethoscope checks for thoracic conditions

52
Q

what do you use to examine a limb

A

xray can inspect limbs for breaks/ fractures

53
Q

what do you use to examine the abdomen

A

ultrasound

54
Q

what is verbal restraint

A

using language and tone to keep animals calm and cooperative without using physical restrains

55
Q

what are some veterinary hazards

A

-back injuries/ sprains
- injuries from sharp tools (scalpel)
- animal bites or scratches
-zoonotic diseases

56
Q

what are needle stick injuries

A

accidentally pierced or puncture skin using a used needle

57
Q

how do you treat needle stick injuries

A
  • let it bleed
  • run under cool water
  • wash with soap
  • don’t suck it
58
Q

what are hazards with xrays

A

radiation can cause health problems. this can occur due to bad quality equipment, improper restraint of animals, improper use of ppe

59
Q

what is ABC

A

airways, bleeding, circulation

60
Q

what is golden hour

A

interventions given in the first hour after an accident have a huge affect on survival rates

61
Q

what do you do when answering an emergency phone call

A
  1. let the owner speak
  2. get a telephone number
  3. find out if caller is the owner
  4. Give clear directions to the practise and get eta
  5. get brief history of the situation
62
Q

what is RTA

A

road traffic accident

63
Q

in a primary assessment, what do you do

A

-check abc
-check tpr
-check CRT
- check for urine output
-check external injuries from head to tail

64
Q

what happens if an animal is unconscious

A

decrease in TPR, fixed eyeballs, flaccid muscles

65
Q

how do you tell if an animal is conscious

A

step on its tail

Vet assisting (4 decks)

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