October lecture slides

Question 1

why do you use muzzles

Answer 1

-helps to distract a dog and helps protect from bites

Question 2

why should you not leave a muzzled dog unattended

Answer 2

risk of choking on their own vomit

Question 3

name 3 types of muzzle

Answer 3

miki muzzle, tie muzzle, cage muzzle

Question 4

what is DUDE

Answer 4

Drinking, Urinating, Defecating, Eating

Question 5

what is TPR

Answer 5

Temperature, Pulse, Respiration

Question 6

How do you check capillary refill time (CRT)

Answer 6

-check gum colour and then press on the gum until it goes white
-let go, and time how long it takes to return to its normal colour
-normal time is 2 seconds, prolonged time could mean shock or blood loss

Question 7

what is BAR

Answer 7

Bright, Alert and reactive. It describes a dog in good form

Question 8

how do you handle a cat for vet exam

Answer 8

-scruff the skin on the back of the neck gently
-keep the spine parallel to your forearm
-use restraints such as towel wraps, cat muzzle and crush cages

Question 9

Observation exam of an animal

Answer 9

1. observe attitudes, behaviour and demeanour
2. is the animal BAR.
3. Check body position, gait, conformation, posture
4. Abnormal noises?
5. check coat and skin condition
6. is the animal DUDE?

Question 10

What is a body condition score?

Answer 10

a measure of how much fat is between the skin and muscle.
-tells us if the animal is too fat or thin on a scale of 1-5

Question 11

what is gait

Answer 11

the way an animal moves. we watch for changes in an animals walk, trot, canter to indicate lameness

Question 12

what is conformation

Answer 12

the animals anatomy or bone structure, determined by genetics

Question 13

what is posture

Answer 13

how an animal holds itself. it can be hunched, with elbowed abducted or head dropped.
it can tell us about pain, lameness or. emotion

Question 14

what is alopecia

Answer 14

hair loss, with or without itch

Question 15

alopecia causes

Answer 15

allergy, trauma, bacteria, fungus, thyroid problems

Question 16

what is respiration rate

Answer 16

number of breaths per minute. it increases with exercise, heat, excitement, obesity, pain, etc

Question 17

what are the 3 breathing phases

Answer 17

inspiration, expiration, pause

Question 18

what is depth of breathing

Answer 18

the movement of the chest and abdomen. there are deep breaths during exercise and shallow breaths during sleep

Question 19

what is a cause of snoring

Answer 19

pharyngeal occlusion

Question 20

what causes coughing

Answer 20

irritation of the pharynx, trachea or bronchi

Question 21

what is the respiration rate of a canine

Answer 21

12 - 24 pm

Question 22

what is the respiration rate of a feline

Answer 22

16 - 30 pm

Question 23

what is the respiration rate of a equine

Answer 23

8 - 12 pm

Question 24

what is the respiration rate of a bovine

Answer 24

10 - 30 pm

Question 25

what is the respiration rate of a ovine

Answer 25

12 - 20 pm

Question 26

what is the respiration rate of a mouse

Answer 26

163 pm

Question 27

what is the pulse

Answer 27

heart rate - increases with exercise, pain, fever - decreases with shock, disease, anesthetics, heart failure

Question 28

where is the pulse taken in dogs

Answer 28

femoral artery on the inside of hind leg

Question 29

where is the pulse taken in bigger animals

Answer 29

facial artery, maxillary artery on jaw of coccygeal artery on tail

Question 30

what is the pulse rate of a big dog

Answer 30

60 - 90 pm

Question 31

what is the pulse rate of a cat

Answer 31

110 - 130 pm

Question 32

what is the pulse rate of a small dog

Answer 32

90 - 120 pm

Question 33

what is the pulse rate of a horse

Answer 33

28 - 40 pm

Question 34

what is the pulse rate of a cow

Answer 34

55 - 80 pm

Question 35

how do you take temperature

Answer 35

place a manual thermometer against the rectal wall for 1 minute

Question 36

what is an increase of temperature

Answer 36

hyperthermia

Question 37

what is a decrease of temperature

Answer 37

hypothermia

Question 38

what is a good temperature for a cat or dog

Answer 38

38 - 39 degrees

Question 39

what is a good temperature for bovine

Answer 39

37. 5 - 38 degrees

Question 40

what is a good temperature for ovine

Answer 40

39 - 40 degrees

Question 41

what are lymph nodes

Answer 41

area of immune cells

Question 42

what do lymph nodes do

Answer 42

drain inflammatory cells around the body - increase in size if there’s infection or a tumour

Question 43

examples of lymph nodes

Answer 43

-sub mandible in the jaw -pre scapular in the front of the shoulder -popliteal behind the knee of the back leg

Question 44

what is shock

Answer 44

a depressed state where many bodily functions are affected due to lack of circulation.

Question 45

what is cause of shock

Answer 45

caused by lack of blood flow or respiration can happen due to trauma, infection, allergic reactions, blood loss, heart failure

Question 46

symptoms of shock

Answer 46

early- panting, rapid heart rate late- temperature decrease, pale skin, weak pulse, unconsciousness

Question 47

what do you use to examine a nose

Answer 47

rhinoscopy: fibre optic scope

Question 48

what do you use to examine teeth

Answer 48

-explorer detects plaque, calculus and cavities -periodontal probe

Question 49

what do you use to examine an ear

Answer 49

otoscope has light and magnifier

Question 50

what do you use to examine an eye

Answer 50

ophthalmoscope checks for retinal detachment or diseases

Question 51

what do you use to examine the chest

Answer 51

stethoscope checks for thoracic conditions

Question 52

what do you use to examine a limb

Answer 52

xray can inspect limbs for breaks/ fractures

Question 53

what do you use to examine the abdomen

Answer 53

ultrasound

Question 54

what is verbal restraint

Answer 54

using language and tone to keep animals calm and cooperative without using physical restrains

Question 55

what are some veterinary hazards

Answer 55

-back injuries/ sprains - injuries from sharp tools (scalpel) - animal bites or scratches -zoonotic diseases

Question 56

what are needle stick injuries

Answer 56

accidentally pierced or puncture skin using a used needle

Question 57

how do you treat needle stick injuries

Answer 57

- let it bleed - run under cool water - wash with soap - don’t suck it

Question 58

what are hazards with xrays

Answer 58

radiation can cause health problems. this can occur due to bad quality equipment, improper restraint of animals, improper use of ppe

Question 59

what is ABC

Answer 59

airways, bleeding, circulation

Question 60

what is golden hour

Answer 60

interventions given in the first hour after an accident have a huge affect on survival rates

Question 61

what do you do when answering an emergency phone call

Answer 61

1. let the owner speak 2. get a telephone number 3. find out if caller is the owner 4. Give clear directions to the practise and get eta 5. get brief history of the situation

Question 62

what is RTA

Answer 62

road traffic accident

Question 63

in a primary assessment, what do you do

Answer 63

-check abc -check tpr -check CRT - check for urine output -check external injuries from head to tail

Question 64

what happens if an animal is unconscious

Answer 64

decrease in TPR, fixed eyeballs, flaccid muscles

Question 65

how do you tell if an animal is conscious

Answer 65

step on its tail