October health and safety Flashcards
zoonotic disease
diseases that can be transferred from animals to humans
gastrointestinal infections
pathogens can spread between animals and people, and cause illness. eg. E. coli spp, cryptosporidium spp
Ringworm symptoms
cause lesions on the skin which look like circular bald patches in animals. they look like scaly skin with a pink ring in humans
lyme disease cause
caused by bacterial infection. transmitted through ticks
lyme disease symptoms
early inflammatory reaction, clinical signs may develop later
what do you do if bitten by cat
immediately wash with antibacterial soap and alert staff
how is leptospirosis spread
through urine or blood
prevention of leptospirosis
vaccinate dogs with annual lepto vaccine
Psittacosis/ ornithosis spread
transmitted through inhalation of infectious material
psittacosis symptoms
humans usually affected with mild flu like symptoms, but there can rarely be serious complications
Toxoplasmosis cause and spread
-caused by protozoa called Toxoplasma Gondi
- spread through cat faeces, but also sheep that are aborting.
Toxoplasmosis symptoms
healthy person won’t have symptoms, immunocompromised people can show infection of brain, heart, lungs and eyes, or even death
Toxoplasmosis prevention
vaccination breeding sheep, cleaning cat litter boxes daily and keeping pregnant women away from cat faeces
Listeriosis spread
-bacterial infection
-can be transmitted to humans on farms, mostly contracted through eating certain food
what is a notifiable disease
a disease which your gp must report to the dept of health if contracted to prevent massive outbreaks.
-this is a legal requirement
Cryptosporidium spread
spread by contaminated water and contact with infected faeces from humans and mainly young farm animals
what is Cryptosporidium
microscopic parasite that affects small intestine
-a notifiable disease
cryptosporidium symptoms
severe diarrhoea, vomiting, weight loss, stomach cramps and fever. Can even be fatal for immunosuppressant people
cryptosporidium prevention
prevented by washing hands and avoiding touching faeces
E. coli 0157 spread
transmitted through contaminated water or cross contamination with food, unpasteurised milk or animal faeces.
E. coli 0157 symptoms
diarrhoea, fever. more severely bloody diarrhoea and even kidney failure
E. coli 0157 prevention
watch out for cross ——-contamination, wash hands properly and keep raw meet refrigerated or frozen
Toxocariasis spread
spread through soil contamination with eggs, direct digestions, unwashed hands and eating unwashed vegetables, faeces of infected dogs and cats.
caused by roundworms in dogs and cats
Toxocariasis symptoms
inflammation of lungs, skin rashes, abdominal pains or even blindness
Toxocariasis prevention
washing hands, don’t eat near animals, clean up faeces from public areas
Gastrointestinal parasites examples
Giardia, roundworms, tapeworms
Gastrointestinal parasite prevention
washing hands
what is Tetanus
an illness caused by the toxin of the bacteria clostridium tetanti
Tetanus symptoms
muscle spasm or stiffness in neck and jaw (lockjaw), difficulty swallowing, fever, sweating
Tetanus spread
bacteria is found in soil, dust and manure and enters the body through cuts, puncture wounds and animal bites
Tetanus prevention
get tetanus vaccination. if bitten, seek medical attention
4 methods of disease transmission
-oral faecal
-direct contact
-aerosol
-sexual
Dog bite prevention
avoid direct eye contact, let the dog approach you, be quiet and slow. If knocked down by aggressive dog, curl into a tight ball and stay still
