October 2021 paper Flashcards
state 4 limitations of propagating plants from seed
some plants may not produce viable seed
seedlings may not come true to parent plant
plants may take longer to produce flowers, or coloured bark
the seed crop can be unreliable
the sex of the progeny is unknown
name two vegetables commonly propagated by seed
Lactuca sativa
Phaseolus vulgaris
Daucus carota
state 4 environmental requirements for seed germination
moisture/water - to rehydrate the seed, and for growing the seedling
suitable temperature - for cell activity and respiration
oxygen - required for respiration
light/dark - Begonia semperflorens need light to germinate
Pisum sativum need dark to germinate
describe the propagation by seed of Begonia semperflorens (Cultorum group) under the following headings: preparation of container
overfill a clean or new seed tray with seed sowing compost
make sure the compost is pushed into the corners
tap tray twice to ensure compost settles
strike excess off with a striker board, and firm surface uniformly with a presser board
sieve a fine layer of compost over the surface of the tray and firm surface again.
water seed tray by putting it in a tray of water
describe the propagation by seed of Begonia semperflorens (Cultorum group) under the following headings: sowing technique
seed is very fine so mix with the same quantity of dried silver sand
sow evenly and thinly over whole tray
- use the pinching method, or tapping from the palm of the hand/packet.
describe the propagation by seed of Begonia semperflorens (Cultorum group) under the following headings: immediate aftercare
cover seed tray with a sheet of glass and place on a heated bench
Temp should be 21-24’c
keep an eye on moisture levels-can put tray in tray of water or use a fine rose on watering can.
remove glass cover as germination occurs and check for signs of damping off
state one suitable vegetative propagation method and one plant name for a named facility; MIST BENCH
softwood cutting
for an indoor plant, herbaceous perennial or deciduous shrub
eg: Fuchsia magellanica
OR a Leaf bud cutting eg: Clematis montana
state one suitable vegetative propagation method and one plant name for a named facility: HEATED PROPAGATOR
leaf lamina cutting
indoor plant
Begonia rex
state one suitable vegetative propagation method and one plant name for a named facility: COLD FRAME
Semi-ripe cutting
evergreen shrub or conifer
eg: Chamaecyparis subsp.
state one suitable vegetative propagation method and one plant name for a named facility: OPEN GROUND
deciduous hardwood cutting or layering
for a deciduous tree or shrub
EG: Cornus alba
name 2 methods by which plants can naturally vegetatively propagate themselves
bulbs corms tubers rhizomes stolons runners
name three materials suitable for a rooting medium for softwood cuttings
peat bark coir perlite vermiculite
Describe the characteristics of suitable rooting materials for softwood cuttings; coir, bark, perlite
coir; high air-filled porosity, can absorb and retain moisture well. Contains some nutrients
Bark: non-clumping, open stable structure and provides good aeration
perlite; lightweight and sterile. Increases air-filled porosity and improves drainage.
state the reasons for the temperature difference between the root and aerial environments for rooting softwood cuttings
a cooler air environment is required to reduce water loss
a warmer basal temperature required to assist with the formation of callus tissue and roots
name two plants propagated by leaf bud cuttings
Clematis montana
Hedera helix
Camellia japonica
describe the preparation of the leaf bud cuttings for one named plant, under the heading: Time of year
Clematis montana; may - june
camellia japonica; june - oct
describe the preparation of the leaf bud cuttings for one named plant, under the heading: preparation
for Clematis montana;
cut just above the node that contains 2 axillary buds and 2 pairs of leaves
the basal cut is made 50mm below the top cut within the internode
one leaf can be removed for easier insertion
dust base of cutting with rooting hormone powder
describe the preparation of the leaf bud cuttings for one named plant, under the heading: insertion
clematis montana;
insert cuttings into a tray with a 50:50 mix of coir and perlite or fine grit/sharp sand
they must be stable, but do not let them touch growing media
describe the preparation of the leaf bud cuttings for one named plant, under the heading: Suitable aerial environment
clematis montana;
place cutting in a closed case or mist unit.
aerial temp 12-18’c
basal temp 18-24’c
name one pest and one fungal disease likely to affect rooting Fuchsia spp. cuttings
pest; aphids, two spotted spider mite, Fuchsia gallmite
disease; damping off
describe how the disease that affects rooting Fuchsia spp. cuttings can be prevented and controlled
damping off;
use clean, sterile trays and rooting media.
pay attention to density- need good ventilation
remove any dead/damaged plant material
mains water used for watering
avoid waterlogged soil
describe the aftercare of the Fuchsia cuttings (other than pests and diseases) after removal from a named propagation facility.
harden off pot off water regularly pinch out to encourage lateral growth feed during growing season remove any dead/damaged foliage
