Oct. 16 notes Flashcards
1
Q
Broca`s Area
A
- speech production
- localized in left frontal lobe
2
Q
Wernicke`s Area
A
- speech comprehension
- localized in left posterior temporal lobe
3
Q
Cortical components of language
A
- Broca`s area: working memory, articulation
- Wernickes`s area: holding sentances in memory, word rhyming
- Insula: apraxia of speech
- Arcuate fasciculus: recurring utterances
- Superior temporal gyrus: sentence comprehension
- Posterior middle temporal gyrus: fluent aphasia
4
Q
Subcortical components of language
A
- Basal ganglia: speech articulation (important for motor control)
- Thalamus: influences language by activating the cortex
5
Q
Right hemisphere contributions to language
A
- some ability to comprehend speech, involved in emotional tone of language
- language primarily in left hemisphere
6
Q
Aphasia
A
- language disorder
- speech, writing (agraphia), or reading (alexia)
- fluent, non-fluent or pure
7
Q
Fluent Aphasia: Wernicke`s Aphasia
A
- fluent, paraphasic speech, impaired comprehension, repetition, and naming
- reading and writing show impairments similar to speech but not as severe
- unaware of defecits and behave normally
- LESION: posterior half of first temporal gyrus and adjacent cortex (Wernicke`s area)
8
Q
Fluent Aphasia: Conduction Aphasia
A
- fluent speech, severe repetition defect, literal paraphasic errors (saying word similar to what you wanted to say)
- intact comprehension, poor oral and written naming
- often a stage in recovery from wernickes aphasia
- LESION: arcuate fasciculus (connecting area between brocas and wernickes areas)
9
Q
Fluent Aphasia: Anomic Aphasia
A
- anomia: problems naming things, word finding difficulty when writing
- meaningful speech, intact repetition of speech
- LESION: inferior parietal lobe, or connections between parietal and temporal lobes (can follow many lesions)
10
Q
Non-fluent Aphasia: Broca`s Aphasia
A
- disturbance of motor programming speech sounds
- intact comprehension of speech and writing, impaired oral and written expression
- associated with right hemiplegia (paralysis) in arm
- evolves to speech apraxia with recovery toward anomic aphasia
- LESION: posterior aspects of 3rd frontal convolution (Broca`s area)
11
Q
Non-fluent Aphasia: Global Aphasia
A
- complete language function disruption
- loss of speech output and comprehension
- LESION: large portion of perisylvian cortex, associated with lesions in both anterior and posterior language areas (brocas and wernickes areas, and deep white matter)
12
Q
Pure Aphasias
A
- specific difficulties with certain things
- alexia, agraphia, word deafness
13
Q
Alexia
A
- inability to read
- LESION: left lateral occipital sulcus (visual word form area)
14
Q
Agraphia
A
- inability to write
- LESION: left parietal region (supramarginal gyrus or insula)
15
Q
Word Deafness
A
- cannot hear or repeat words
- LESION: input tracts from auditory system to wernicke`s area
