Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 351B > Oct. 12 notes > Flashcards

Oct. 12 notes Flashcards

1
Q

Focused Attention

A
  • ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli
  • least likely to be compromised by brain injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Selective Attention

A
  • ability to maintain focus in the face of distracting/competing stimuli
  • ex. task counting # of E’s and R’s surrounded by other letters
  • Load stress: too much information at once
  • Speed stress: information presented too quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sustained Attention

A

-ability to maintain attention and remain alert to stimuli over prolonged periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alternating Attention

A

-ability to shift focus and move between tasks with different cognitive requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Divided Attetention

A
  • ability to do more than one task at the same time

- multitasking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posner’s Model of Attention

A
  • Alerting network -> intrinsic awareness & phase alertness
  • Orienting network
  • Executive network
  • alerting network activates orienting network which activates executive network to take action or return to intrinsic awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Orienting network structures

Posner’s model

A
  • superior parietal
  • temporal parietal junction
  • frontal eye fields
  • superior colliculus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alerting network structures

Posner’s model

A
  • locus coeruleus
  • right frontal
  • parietal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Executive network structures

Posner’s model

A
  • anterior cingulate
  • lateral ventral
  • prefrontal
  • basal ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inattention

A
  • inattentional blindness
  • change blindness
  • attentional blink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inattentional blindness

A
  • failure to notice something during the performance of another task
  • ex. monkey video
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Change blindness

A

-failure to detect changes in the presence, identity, or location of objects in scenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Attentional blink

A

-failure to detect a second stimulus if its is presented within 500 ms of the first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attention => Memory

A

-sensory memory transfered to short term memory transfered to long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Models of memory

sensory modality, content, time

A
  • sensory modality based: auditory, visual, tactile, gustative, olfactive
  • content based: faces, objects, names, spatial memory, autobiographical memory
  • time based: retrograde (past), anterograde (present), prospective (future)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Encoding, Retention, Recognition

A
  • forming
  • maintaining
  • recognizing
17
Q

Sensory memory

A
  • very short (1-5 s)
  • visual input (iconic store)
  • auditory input (echoic store)
  • input from other senses (gustative, olfactory, tactile stores)
18
Q

Short term memory

A
  • temporary storage of information that is being processed in any range of cognitive tasks (30s - 1 min)
  • limited space
  • relay station -> sends info to long-term memory or uses info right away and then forgets
19
Q

Working memory

A
  • temporarily stores and manipulates information (oppose to short term which temporarily stores but does not manipulate)
  • visuospatial sketchpad (visual), episodic buffer (visual & auditory or other), phonological loop (auditory)
20
Q

Long-term memory

A
  • explicit
  • implicit
  • emotional
21
Q

Explicit memory (LTM)

A
  • conscious

- episodic, semantic

22
Q

Implicit memory (LTM)

A
  • unconscious

- skills, habits, priming, conditioning

23
Q

Emotional memory (LTM)

A
  • conscious and unconscious

- attraction, avoidance, fear

24
Q

Anatomy of memory/amnesia

A

-hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, frontal lobe, papez circuit (fornix, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nuclei, cingulate)

25
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • familiar surroundings/where objects are located
  • appointments or events
  • memory encoding
  • verbal (left), and visual (right) memory
26
Q

Amygdala

A
  • emotional conditioning, storing emotional events, coding emotional signals
  • stimulation results in emotional feelings, damage disrupts emotional memory but not implicit & explicit
27
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

-role in semantic memory

28
Q

Temporal cortex

A

-semantic memory (anterior temporal lesions impair semantic memory, and retrograde memories)

29
Q

Frontal cortex

A

-encoding, autobiographical retrieval, and working memory

30
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • plays role in classical conditioning (implicit)

- lesions to cerebellum abolish conditioned response to puff of air to eye

31
Q

Basal ganglia

A

-loss of cells in basal ganglia lead to implicit memory deficits (ex. huntingtons disease, learning skills)

32
Q

Papez Circuit

A
  • fornix: mammillary body and hippocampal projections
  • mamillary bodies: receive input from medial temporal lobe and project to anterior thalamic nuclei, Korsakoffs syndrome
  • anterior thalamic nuclei: hippocampal connections, projects to cingulate, anterograde amnesia
  • cingulate: anterior->goal directed behaviors, posterior->highly connected, associated with amnesia
33
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

-inability to aquire new memories

34
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

-inability to remember old memories

35
Q

Global Amnesia

A

-transient, loss of old memories and inability to form new memories

36
Q

Patient H.M.

A
  • history of epilepsy
  • had bilateral hippocampectomy (removed medial temporal lobes), resulted in onset of amnesia (still had intact intelligence)
  • lead to finding that hippocampus is essential for memory encoding
  • able to learn to complete a task (implicit, procedural memory), but no explicit memory of ever having performed the task
37
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A
  • anterograde/retrograde amnesia, confabulation (saying untrue things as if they were true), lack of insight, apathy
  • caused by thiamine (B1 vitamin) deficiency due to alcoholism or malnutrition
  • damage to medial thalamus, mammillary bodies, and general atrophy
38
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A
  • begins with anterograde amnesia, cellular change in medial temporal cortex
  • later results in retrograde amnesia with damage to temporal association areas and frontal cortical areas
39
Q

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

A
  • medial temporal lobe damage that leads to anterograde amnesia
  • damage to insula and surrounding regions produces retrograde amnesia

Psyc 351B (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions