Ocean Acidification

Question 1

what has more CO2 the ocena or the atmosphere?

Answer 1

the ocean

Question 2

When atmospheric CO2 reacts with water what is initially formed?

Answer 2

carbonic acid

Question 3

1 deprotonation of carbonic acid

Answer 3

bicarbonate

Question 4

2nd deprotonation of carbonic acid

Answer 4

carbonate

Question 5

What other ocean event occurs in low pH regions?

Answer 5

Upwelling

Question 6

Does deep water have a high pH or a low pH

Answer 6

Low due to the biological pump

Question 7

how does phytoplankton contribute to ocean acidity

Answer 7

the removal of carbonate to form shells results in low pH

Question 8

What limits the ocean ability to absorb Co2

Answer 8

The thermohaline circulation

Question 9

omega >1

Answer 9

calcium carbonate shells can form

Question 10

omega=0

Answer 10

solids present will dissolve

Question 11

omega=1

Answer 11

the system is is at equilibrium

Question 12

omega <1

Answer 12

the solids will dissolve

Question 13

what dissolves more readily aragonite or calcite?

Answer 13

aragonite

Question 14

what alters the solubility of calcium carbonate?

Answer 14

the crystal structure

Question 15

How long does it take for dissolution to become evident in pteropod shells?

Answer 15

48 hours

Question 16

what are some naturally low pH environments in the ocean?

Answer 16

subduction zones: volcanic arcs, hydrothermal vents

Question 17

what comes out of white (champagne) smokers?

Answer 17

liquid Co2

Question 18

What is seen in mussel shells from a low pH environment?

Answer 18

thinner

Question 19

how are mussels able to survive in low pH environment

Answer 19

more energy is spent to constantly build the shell. After death there is no shell rubble because it dissolves

Question 20

What are the effects of OA on corals?

Answer 20

newly settled coral larvae cannot grow calcium carbonate shells and established corals have dissolution

Question 21

effects of ocean warming coral

Answer 21

the zo·o·xan·thel·la are expelled

Question 22

what is the max temperature for coral reefs?

Answer 22

30

Question 23

what is the time frame for a coral to recover the zooxanthellae after a warming event?

Answer 23

< 1 month

Question 24

what kind of plankton are zooxanthellae?

Answer 24

dinoflagellates

Question 25

what organism can take the place of zooxanthellae

Answer 25

algal symbiont

Question 26

what is local effect of OA?

Answer 26

the aragonite saturation depth is getting shallower

Question 27

what animals will be most effected by OA locally?

Answer 27

Crabs, mussles, scallops, etc. (shellfish)