Marine Conservation Flashcards
What can be done to promote healthier oceans?
- reducing fishing pressures, socioeconomincally costly
- strict reinforcement/regulation of fishing practices
- pay attention to scientific data
- improve selectivity of fishing gear, reduce by-catch
- Marine Protected Areas
regulated effort
limit 3 of fishing days, vessel size, etc.
decommissioning schemes
government buys back fishing licenses from industry to reduce fleet size
Total Allowable catch
set single total catch for entire fleet when the quota is reached the fishery is closed
individual quotas
inidividual vessles are allocated a non-transferable portion of quota
individual transferable quotas
individual quotas can be bought and sold amongindivdual license holders
benefits of ITQ’s
eliminates the tragedy of the commons. Promotes desire to conserve stocks. Reduces the race to fish like with TAC. Fishing efforts can be spread throughout the year and increase the safety
problem with ITQs
doesnt reduce bycatch, can lead to ‘high grading’ of catch, still assumes managers have a knowledge of the stock size
Effects of fish farming?
- eutrophication
- antibiotics and antivirals
- transgenic fish
- removal of energy from one ecosystem to the feed farmed fish.
- parasitic infection (copepods) can kill juveniles
Why are transgenics a concern?
Can grow larger and faster
- can outcompete wild fish if they were to escape
2 ways to improve long line fishing
adding streamers and weights to deter sea birds
change the bait
what kid of hooks do not catch turtles (generally)
circle hooks, traditional J-hooks still caught turtles
Can by catch include the target speceis
yes, ind that are to small are considered by catch
What are BOFFFs?
Big Old Fat Female Fecund Fish
What part of a population is not effective in an MPA?
the sink population, the population doesn’t produce offspring
