Marine Food Webs

Question 1

What is phyotplakton’s roles in Marine Ecosystems?

Answer 1

Primary PRoducers

Question 2

What are the most abundant phytoplankton?

Answer 2

Diatoms

Question 3

what two forms to diatoms come in?

Answer 3

Centric and Pennate

Question 4

What form of diatoms are bilaterally symmetric?

Answer 4

pennate

Question 5

what is the outer covering of diatoms called and what is it made of?

Answer 5

Frustule made of opal (silica)

Question 6

what are the heaviest phytoplankton and how does this effect their distribution?

Answer 6

diatoms are the heaviest and occur in upwelling regions because it allows them to remain in euphotic zone

Question 7

where are pennate diatoms normally found?

Answer 7

bottom of very very shallow waters (intertidal, shallow beaches), most abundant in coastal waters

Question 8

what phytoplankton phyla can vertically migrate?

Answer 8

dinoflagellates

Question 9

what two kinds of phytoplankton have flagella?

Answer 9

coccolithophores and dinoflagellates

Question 10

what is the outer covering of dinoflagellates called and what is is made of?

Answer 10

theca: made of cellulose plates

Question 11

why are dinoflagellates unique from other phytoplankton?

Answer 11

can be carnivorous as well as photosynthesize.

Question 12

direct impact of dinoflagellates on humans?

Answer 12

Harmful Algae Blooms/Red Tides. Some species release toxins.

Question 13

Where are coccolithophorids most commonly found

Answer 13

in tropical/ subtropical waters?

Question 14

what are coccolithophorids outer shells made of and what are they called?

Answer 14

calcium carbonate, coccoliths

Question 15

what phytoplankton can be used in sediment data to determine ocean climates ?

Answer 15

coccolithophorids

Question 16

How to you identify and count phytoplankton?

Answer 16

collection with bottles or nets and use an inverted light microscope, fluorometer

Question 17

How do you measure primary productivity?

Answer 17

Use bottles of ocean water with known amounts of radioactively labelled CO2. turn over. OR. Mimic light regimes with bottles water

Question 18

what is compensation depth

Answer 18

depth where photosynthesis=respiration

Question 19

what are 2 families of Jellies?

Answer 19

Cnidarians: stinging (nemocysts)
Ctenophores: sticky (colloblasts)

Question 20

2 families of molluscs

Answer 20

pteropods and gymnosperms

Question 21

what is the pteropods shell made of?

Answer 21

calcium cabonate

Question 22

how do pteropods feed

Answer 22

mucus web

Question 23

what is biggest difference between pteropods and gymnosperms?

Answer 23

gymnosperms have no shell and feed exclusively on pteropods

Question 24

What is the most abundant zooplankton

Answer 24

copepods

Question 25

what zooplankton vertically migrate?

Answer 25

copepods

Question 26

what zooplankton can be parastic?

Answer 26

copepods and krill

Question 27

What are euphausilids?

Answer 27

krill

Question 28

what makes kril unique from other zooplankton

Answer 28

mutliyear life cycles | 1-5 years

Question 29

when do zooplankton migrate the the surface?

Answer 29

at night to feed and avoid predation from fish