OCD and Related Disorders Flashcards
OCD Diagnostic Criteria
A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
B: The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment.
C. Symptoms are not attributable to physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
D. Not better explained by another mental disorder
Obsession Defintion
Recurrent/persistent thoughts/urges/images experienced at some time during disturbance as intrusive and unwanted, and cause anxiety or distress in most individuals
Compulsion Definition
Repetitive behaviors that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that are applied rigidly
OCD Specifier: With Good or Fair Insight
recognizes that OCD believes are definitely, probably, or may not be true
OCD Specifier: With Poor Insight
thinks OCD beliefs are probably true
OCD Specifier: With absent insight/delusional beliefs
completely convinced that OCD beliefs are true
OCD Specifier: Tic-Related
current or past history of tic disorder
OCD Key Concerns
o People with OCD and absent insight can LOOK like they have a delusional disorder; however if the obsessions or compulsions are present in a way that they meet criteria for OCD, then OCD should be diagnosed
o Onset in adolescence or early adulthood with earlier onset for men, symptoms wax and wane
o May be associated with abuse, trauma, or high levels of stress
o Comorbidity with Tourette’s and other tic disorders
o People can have OCD with obsessions only or compulsions only
OCD Assessment Measures
SCID-5
MASC-2
MMPI-specifically scales EID (Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction), THD (Thought Dysfunction), RCd (Demoralization), RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions), COG (cognitive complaints), STW (stress and worry), AXY (anxiety – usually PTSD, but intrusive ideation and feelings of dread can spike this scale), BRF (behavior restricting fears), maybe MSF (multiple specific fears), PSYC-r (psychoticism), NEGE-r (neuroticism)
Beck Anxiety Inventory
OCD Treatment
o Both biological and behavioral therapies shown to be effective (combo best)
o SSRIS
o CBT oriented therapy, particularly Exposure and Response Prevention
o Individual psychotherapy
o Relaxation training (working through the distress accompanied by the thoughts)
Body Dysmorphia Disorder
A: preoccupation with one or more perceived deficits or flaws in physical appearance
B: at some point, the individual has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts
C: clinically significant distress
D: not better explained
BDD Specifier: With muscle dysmorphia
The individual is preoccupied with the idea that their body build is too small or insufficiently muscular
BDD Insight Specifiers
With good or fair insight (beliefs are not true)
with poor insight (beliefs are probably true)
with absent insight/delusional beliefs (beliefs are true)
Hoarding Criteria
Difficulty discarding possessions and distress associated with discarding
Trichotillomania
hair pulling disorder
