Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Abnormal Mine > OCD > Flashcards

OCD Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

OCD Criterion A:

A

Presence of obsessions (recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are intrusive and unwanted and cause the individual distress. And the individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts with an action - compulsion),

OR compulsions (or both). Compulsions are repetitive behaviours - handwashing, ordering, checking, or mental acts - praying, counting. The individual feels driven to perform these actions, which are aimed to neutralise the obsessions and reduce anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

OCD Criterion B:

A

The obsessions or compulsions are time consuming - take more than 1 hour per day, or cause significant distress/impairment in social, occupational functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

OCD Criterion C + D:

A

Symptoms are not attributable to substance use or another medical condition or mental condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most common compulsions for OCD?

A
  • Ordering/arranging objects
  • Washing/cleaning - showing, bathing, tooth-brushing - house cleaning
  • Checking (that they/others are unharmed, that you didn’t make a mistake)
  • Repeating (or rereading and rewriting) - could be tapping fingers/nose or going in and out of doors several times
  • Mental counting - performing a task to a “good” or “safe” number
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the average age of onset for OCD?

A

19.5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence for OCD?

A

2-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is there a gender difference in OCD?

A

Yes, it’s more common in women, men have earlier onset (and often with tic disorder from a younger age)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the most common co-morbidities for OCD?

A

Anxiety 76%

Major depression 63%

Bipolar 63%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors for OCD include…

A
  • Genetic loading - 1st degree relative is an increase risk 10 fold - monozygotic twins have more concurrence than dizygotic twins
  • Environmental
  • -> early trauma
  • -> conditioning (parents training children to tolerate distress)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Four dimensions of symptoms have been described for OCD. These are…? What is the underlying theme here?

A
  1. taboo thoughts - aggression - sexual - religious
  2. symmetry - arranging - ordering - counting
  3. cleaning - due to germs/contamination
  4. harm - fear of harm to oneself or others - related to checking complusions

Underlying theme of death anxiety…?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causation/maintenance of OCD.

Describe the operant reinforcement model

A

Compulsions reduce the anxiety/distress through negative reinforcement. E.g: obsession that the oven isn’t turned off - causes anxiety - person feels compelled to go and check to reduce the anxiety. Gains reliefs but the response is strengthened. Avoidance maintains anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causation/maintenance of OCD.

Cognitive factors involved include:

A
  1. Intolerance of uncertainty - want things to be 100% use compulsions to reduce uncertainty - but also don’t trust their own mind “maybe I didn’t check it properly. I’ll go back again”
  2. Inflated responsibility - think it’s all their thought. difficult to tolerate this idea
  3. Thought-action fusion - believe thinking and doing is the same thing. They think if they have the thought they will act on it. “I’m going to kill my daughter”
  4. Magical ideation - if I don’t order my daughter’s desk she will fail her exam OR I want Johnny to die a painful death right now
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for OCD: what medications are used?

A

Tricyclic anti-depressants
SSRIs
40-60% benefit from meds - quite effective
BUT have to keep taking the meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for OCD: what kind of CBT is used?

A
  • cognitive restructuring - challenging beliefs about intrusive thoughts and challenging beliefs about consequences of not engaging in compulsions
  • behavioural experiements - carrying a knife around and not harming anyone
  • exposure and response prevention (ERP) - exposes to situation they fear and prevent the response - hierarchy of exposure (e.g touch desk w/o gloves, then touch desk and chair, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the success rate of CBT?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OCD is ________ if untreated. ____% still diagnosed after age 40

A

Chronic, 80%

17
Q

Obsessions are not _______ different from others in the population. The ________ to the thoughts is different. OCD results in ________ of intrusive thoughts.
Eg: something bad is going to happen and it will be my fault, unless I carry out this action

A

qualitatively, response, misinterpretation

18
Q

Attempts to suppress unwanted thoughts makes things ______. It results in ______ for thoughts, and hence ______ them.

A

worse, checking, creating

“pink rabbit”
Also, they will check for the thought more than usual, because they’re scared of it.

19
Q

Hoarding disorder is characterised by

A
  • Difficulty discarding/parting with possessions, regardless of their value.
  • “Difficulty” describes a need to save the items, and avoiding the distress associated with discarding them.
  • The possessions clutter living areas and compromises their intended use
  • Causes significant distress and impairment in functioning
20
Q

Trichotillomania is characterised by

A
  • Recurrent hair pulling, resulting in hair loss
  • Attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling
  • Causes significant distress and impairment in functioning
21
Q

Excoriation is characterised by

A
  • Recurrent skin picking, resulting in lesions
  • Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking
  • Causes significant distress and impairment in functioning
22
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is characterised by

A
  • Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight.
  • Performing repetitive behaviours in response to their appearance concerns - mirror checking, excessive grooming, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (comparing their appearance to others)
  • Causes significant distress and impairment in functioning
23
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder can also be specified with

A

muscle dysmorphia - when the individual believes their body is too small or insufficiently muscular

24
Q

People with body dysmorphic disorder often _____ social situations, relationships and intimacy. Many can become completely ______, and have elevated ______

A

avoid, house-bound, suicide risk.

25
Q

All obsessive-compulsive disorders have several things in common, these are:

A
  • urges to carry out repetitive acts - behaviours or mental acts
  • difficulty decreasing mental or behavioural acts
  • lots of overlap so highly co-morbid with each other
26
Q

Most people with hording disorder have _____ insight. 30% of those with hording disorder are ______ hoarders

A

poor insight, animal

27
Q

Do most people with OCD have good or poor insight?

A

Most have good insight. They are aware the responses are not normal but still have to carry them out.

28
Q

The repetitive mental ____ or _______ are carried out to reduce the ______ associated with repetitive/intrusive thoughts. the compulsions are not always ______ connected to the intrusive thoughts.

A

acts, behaviours, anxiety, logical

29
Q

The urges in OCD are not ______, and cause significant ______. Some thoughts can be _____. Hence, repetitive eating, gambling, etc is not counted. But also, it makes sense that people with OCD would want to _____ the thoughts, or carry out acts to ______ them

A

pleasurable, distress, scary, suppress, neutralise

30
Q

What percentage of people with tic disorder also have OCD?

A

30%

And those with childhood tic disorder have early onset OCD

31
Q

People with OCD often have other anxiety disorders _____ their OCD diagnosis, and get depression _____ (due to decreased QOL

A

before, after

32
Q

What % of cases of OCD start before age 14?

A

25%

33
Q

The difference between people with OCD and GAD with regard to intolerance of uncertainty is…?

A

OCD - carry out acts to reduce uncertainty

GAD - just keep worrying, going in circles

Psych Abnormal Mine (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions