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Psychology 1.4 - Psychopathology > OCD > Flashcards

OCD Flashcards

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1
Q

define OCD

A

anxiety disorder characterised by persistent and intrusive thoughts that occur as obsessions, compulsions or both.

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2
Q

what is a behavioural symptom of OCD?

A

compulsions

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3
Q

what is a cognitive symptom of OCD?

A

obsessions

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4
Q

what is an emotional symptom of OCD?

A

extreme anxiety due to feeling compelled to fulfil compulsions

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5
Q

define compulsions

A
  • repetitive, illogical, excessive actions completed in response to obsessions
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6
Q

define obsessions

A
  • recurrent, persistent, intrusive thoughts
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7
Q

explain the role of genetics to explain OCD

A
  • COMT: inhibits dopamine enzyme production = inc. dopamine
  • hSERT: overpowered serotonin reuptake valves = no serotonin
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8
Q

what symptoms do the 2 genes produce?

A
  • COMT: psychotic symptoms
  • hSERT: anxious symptoms
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9
Q

what 4 drug treatments can be used to treat OCD and what they do?

A
  • SSRIs - inhibit serotonin reuptake
  • anti-psychotics - produce more dopamine enzymes
  • anxiolytics - reduces anxious symptoms
  • psychosurgery - destroys brain tissue with radio waves
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10
Q

what did Piggott (1999) find about tricyclic antidepressents?

A
  • more effective than SSRIs
  • best: 1. SSRIs then 2. antidepressants
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11
Q

what did Ciccerone et al (2000) find about antipsychotics?

A

a low dose is effective due to dopamine reducing effect

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12
Q

what did Julien (2007) find about SSRIs?

A

not fully effective but 50-80% of patients improved

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13
Q

what did Richter et al (2004) find about psychosurgery?

A
  • 30% of patients found 35% symptom reduction
  • side-effects = seizures, urinary incontinence
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14
Q

what did Mallett et al (2008) find about DBS?

A

DBS significantly reduced symptoms compared to placebo

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15
Q

what did Jonsson & Hougaard (2009) conclude about CBT?

A

CBT better than drug treatments

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16
Q

what did O’Conner et al (1999) conclude as the most effective form of treatment for OCD?

A

CBT and drugs combined
- drugs alone only mask issue
- CBT along not suited to all

17
Q

where are the genes that could lead to OCD development found?

A

in the genome

18
Q

what causes the actual development of OCD?

A

environmental factors

19
Q

what did Samuels et al (2007) find regarding a chromosome link?

A
  • chromosomal link to hoarding behaviour
  • implies genetic influence with some forms being more genetically inherited than others
20
Q

what did Groothest et al (2005) find about childhood OCD?

A
  • childhood OCD = more genetic than adulthood
  • different types + causes (link to Samuels)
21
Q

what did Tang et al (2014) find about OCD in dogs?

A
  • dogs naturally suffer from compulsive disorders
  • limited dog breed diversity = easier to identify genetic influence
  • OCD affected dogs had inc. #s of certain genes = genetic link
22
Q

what did Pichichero (2009) find in the link between Strep and OCD in children?

A
  • streptococcal infections in kids displayed OCD indicators - suggests neural mechanism
  • reductionist idea: strep ≠ OCD - must be vulnerable in the first place
23
Q

describe the diathesis stress model of OCD (immune system)

A

infections that red. immune system function don’t actually cause OCD trigger symptoms in those genetically vulnerable

24
Q

what did Hu (2006) find about serotonin levels in OCD sufferers?

A

serotonin levels are lower in OCD sufferers

25
Q

what did Zohar et al (1987) find about serotonin in OCD?

A

serotonin drug inc. OCD symptoms in OCD sufferers
- condition linked to abnormal serotonin levels

26
Q

What did Koran (2000) find about the use of antipsychotics and SSRIs in alleviating treatment resistant OCD?

A
  • 9/10 completed the trial
  • OCD symptoms dec. (some more than others)
  • study not placebo or double blind

Psychology 1.4 - Psychopathology (4 decks)

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