depression Flashcards
define depression
mood disorder - linked to persistent feelings of sadness
outline the symptoms unipolar depression
b: lack of energy, sleep disturbance, poor hygiene
c: suicidal thoughts, delusions, poor memory
e: low mood, low enthusiasm
outline the symptoms of bipolar depression
b: reckless behaviour, high energy
c: irrational thought processes, delusions
e: lack of guilt, irratibility
outline beck’s negative triad
- depressives are drawin into negative pattern of viewing the world, future and selves
what are the 3 negative schemas of Beck’s negative triad
- ineptness: expecting to fail
- self-blame: feeling responsible for all misfortune
- negative self-evaluation: worthlessness
what are the 4 cognitive biases of Beck’s negative triad?
- arbitrary influence: conclusions drawn due to insufficient evidence
- selective abstraction: drawing conclusions from just one aspect of a situation
- overgeneralisation: sweeping conclusions based on one event
- mag/min: exaggerations
outline Ellis’ ABC model
based on faulty perceptions and thought processes
- A: activating event
- B: belief
- C: consequence
outline CBT as a cognitive treatment for depression
- aims to help depressive identify negative thoughts + reprogram them
outline REBT as a cognitive treatment for depression
idea that irrational thoughts cause emotional distress + behavioural disorders
- D: disputations to challenge irrational thoughts
- E: effective new beliefs to replace old ones
what are the 3 phases of REBT?
- education: working out what the neg. thoughts are
- behavioural activation: practice thought changing activities
- pleasant event sched: rewards to keep motivated
outline the 6 factors of TNAT as a cognitive treatment for depression
- selective abstraction
- minimisation: downplaying importance of positivity
- personalisation: personal responsibility for events not under a person’s control
- magnification
- arbitrary influence
- overgeneralisation
what did Beevers et al (2010) find about the processing of negative emotions in depressives?
depressives process negative emotions more
what did Koster et al (2005) conclude about depressives?
depressives take longer to disengage with negative words
what did Embling (2002) find about CBT?
CBT effective at red. BDI scores but CBT+drugs is best
- CBT not liked by all
- drugs not easy to access for some
What did David et al (2008) find about REBT?
REBT had better outcomes than drug therapy - better long term
