Occupational health Flashcards
more than _____ million deaths per year DIE DUE TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
2.78
Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers of all occupations
Occupational Health (WHO)
Place and maintain a worker in an occupational environment adapted to his/her physiological ability
Occupational Health (WHO
any source of potential
damage
hazazrd
the change or probability that a person will be harmed
risk
working conditions where harm to the workers is of an immediate and violent nature
Safety Hazards
the harm results in some kind of injury to the worker; broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains, loss of limbs, etc.
Safety Hazards
composes of chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial health hazards
Health Hazards
o exposure to dangerous substances or
conditions such as chemicals, gases, dusts, noises etc.
o often, latency between exposure and disease
Health Hazards
routes of entry fro chemical hazards
▪ Inhalation
▪ Ingestion
▪ Skin Contact
Routes of Excretion
▪ Gastro-intestinal (feces) ▪ Renal (urine)
▪ Respiratory (exhalation) ▪ Skin (sweat, hair, nails)
indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance
Lethal Dose
LD50 is also called
also called the median lethal dose
point at which toxicity first appears
Threshold Level
Health effects of cold temp
Frosbite, trench foot/. Immersion foot/ non freezing cold injury
the threshold of the human body
LD10
average concentration of an airborne substance to which most workers could be safely exposed over on eight-hour/ 40 hours
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most workers could be safely exposed
Maximal Allowable Concentration (MAC)
Classification of Toxic Effects
Local, systematic, acute and chronic
o occurs at the site of chemical contact o e.g. burns, scars
local toxicity
o occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems
o through inhalation or ingestion
Systemic toxicity
occurs almost immediately (hours/days) after an exposure
acute toxicity
represents cumulative damage to specific organ systems; occurs many months or years to have recognizable clinical disease
chronic toxicity
Chemical Agent of Pneumoconiosis
inorganic dust
Chemical Agent of cancer
chromium
chemical agent of Allergic/contact dermatitis
(Skin diseases)
plastic epoxides
chemical agent of skin cancer
arsenic, tar
chemical agent of anemia
lead
chemical agent of aplastic anemia
benzene
chemical agent of hypertension
cadmium, lead
chemical agent of Arrythmias
fluorocarbon, tricholorethylene
chemical agent of atheroscelorosis
carbon disulfide
chemical agent of acute liver toxicity
carbon tetrachloride
chemical agent of liver cancer
vinyl chloride
an agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus
Teratogen
Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
temporary threshold shift, permanent threshold shift
auditory fatigue
o temporary loss of hearing acuity after
exposure to loud noise
o recovery within ______hours
o may be experienced in a bar or in a confined space area
temporary threshold shift; 16-48
irreversible loss of hearing
Permanent Threshold Shift
Other Harmful Effects of Noise
▪ Hypertension
▪ Hyperacidity
o the autonomic nervous system and the gastro-intestinal tract have connections that may alter the contractility of the stomach and the stomach acids
▪ Palpitations
▪ Disturbs relaxation and sleep
types if vibration
segmental, whole body
physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical energy from oscillating sources
vibration
o prevalent in construction workers o Health effects:
* Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)
* tingling, numbness, blanching or fingers
* pain
segmental vibration
Health Effects of Heat Stress
prickly heat, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps
pruritic rash or pruritic
erythematous
papules
▪ occurs in the
epidermis wherein rash of small red bumps appear due to blockage of sweat glands
▪ commonly seen in hot and tropical climates
prickly heat/ miliaria rubra
▪ cyanosis
▪ muscle twitching ▪ disorientation
▪ delirium
▪ convulsions
heat stroke
Sources of Cold Environment
ice plants and freezers
Health Effects of Cold Temperature
frostbite, threshold foot, immersion foot, non freezing cold injury
min lighting level of Cutting Cloth
Fine machining
equal or greater than 2000
min lighting level of transcribing, handwriting and drafting
1000
min lighting level of of welding and first aid station
500
min lighting level of rest room and lunch room
300
health effects of radiation
ionizing, non ionizing
sources of non ionizing effect
ultraviolet, infrared, laser
sources of ionizing effect
gamma rays and xrays
Tuberculosis occupation
▪ Silica workers
▪ people exposed to
heat and organic
dusts
▪ medical personnel
handlers of
carcasses, skins, hides or hair of infected animals including wool carpet processors and handlers
anthrax
Psittacosis (in parrots, parakeets, pigeons, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc.)
▪ Pet shop personnel
▪ gardeners
▪ housewives
▪ veterinary
surgeons
▪ researchers
virus which causes AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
serious and usually fatal condition in which the body-s immune system is severely weakened and cannot fight off infection
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
▪ Directly Observed Therapy Short
cells of AIDS
low CD4 and CD8 cells
Modes of Transmission of AIDS
▪ unprotected penetrative sex
o semen, blood, vaginal secretions
▪ vertical/ perinatal ( mother to infant)
▪ Breastfeeding
▪ blood transfusion
▪ sharing needles
caused by droplet nuclei released when
sneezing and coughing
tuberculosis
DOTS Strategy
Directly Observed Therapy Short Course; 90% cure rate
hazards coming from the manual handling or restrictive work area
Ergonomic Hazards
Human Biological Science + Engineering Science
Maximum Satisfaction and Increase Productivity
injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints or spinal discs
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
the harmful physical and emotional responses that occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker
Stress
Manifestations of Stress
psychological, phsiological, behavioral
ensures compliance to safeguard workers’ social, economic wellbeing, physical safety and health
RA 11058 The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act
for immunization
OSHS, RULE 1960
smoking cessation
RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
HIV/ AIDS
RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002
o Department Order No. 53-03: Guidelines for the Implementation of a Drug-Free workplace Policy and Program for the Private Sector
Rationalizing the Implementation of the Family Welfare Program (FWP) in DOLE
Department Order No. 56-03
Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
o Executive Order No. 187, Instituting a Comprehensive and Unified Policy for Tuberculosis Control in the Philippines (CUP) (March 2003)
o Department Order No. 73-05: Guidelines for the Implementation of Policy and Program on Tuberculosis (TB) Prevention and Control in Workplace
