Occupation

Question 1

Eakins and Eakins (1976)

Answer 1

In 7 university faculty meetings, the men spoke for longer and took longer turns

Question 2

Edelsky (1981)

Answer 2

In a series of meetings in a university department faculty committee, men took more and longer turns and did more joking, arguing, directing and soliciting of responses during the more structured segments of meetings
During the ‘free for all’ parts the women, women and men talked equally and women joked, argued, directed and solicited responses more than men

Question 3

Herbert and straight (1989)

Answer 3

Compliments tend to flow from those of higher rank to those of lower rank

Question 4

Herring (1992)

Answer 4

In an email discussion which took place on a linguistics ‘distribution list’, men’s messages were twice as long, on average, as women’s.
Women tended to use a personal voice e.g. ‘i am intrigued by your comment’.
The tone adopted by the men who dominated the discussion was assertive ‘it is obvious that…’

Question 5

Holmes (1998)

Answer 5

Women managers seem to be more likely to negotiate consensus than male managers, they are less likely to just ‘plough through the agenda’, taking time to make sure everyone genuinely agrees with that had been decided

Question 6

Holmes and Marra (2002)

Answer 6

Contrary to popular belief, women use just as much humour as men, and use it for the same functions, to control discourse and subordinates and to contest superiors, although they are more likely to encourage supportive and collaborative humour