Occupation

Question 1

Pragmatics and power

Answer 1

Oppressive and repressive discourse strategy

Imperatives

Overt prestige

Breaking turn taking

Asymmetry

Inturruptions

Question 2

How is lexis affected by occupation

Answer 2

Restricted and specialised lexis

I.e. VC = vehicle code in police

Or ad hoc Latinate in law

Question 3

Reasons for restrictive lexis

Answer 3

Codification - using language that is designated to include groups of people because people understand the language that has been used this is, an intra and organisational communication where common language must exist

Exclusion - in this context the concept of exclusion does not mean that language is deliberately used to exclude people. It is used among specific groups with particular knowledge or understanding of a field. 

Question 4

LINC study

Answer 4

Explored how language was affected in a workplace

1. When participants are engaged in genuine enquiry of information sharing, language tends to become more grammatically complex.
2. Common use of technical vocabulary bones its new as together, what their relatives formal status.
3. Technical vocabulary it’s not necessarily accompanied by grammatical complexity of stylistic formality - it depends on the purpose of the dialect.
4. Lack of power constraint of person language even when the powerful participants in a dialogue are using their language for entirely benevolent purposes
5. Equality in the dialogue between participants tends to produce less predictable content and taking, as well as more interruptions.
6. predominantly or entirely social talk produces greater variety of content than informal talk, but it may be just as constrained in its ritual if the participants are an equal

Question 5

Swales discourse community

Answer 5

When you enter a community or into an occupation and you learn all of the Lexis, grammar, discourse et cetera that is used in the occupation, you are entering a discourse community

Four things that are required to enter discourse community are:

1. Having a common set of goals
2. Communicate internally
3. Use specialist Lexis and discourse.
4. Possess the required skill and knowledge to be considered eligible to participate in the community.

Question 6

Drew and heratidge - inferential frameworks

Answer 6

Goal orientation- participants in workplace conversations usually focus on specific tasks or goals

Turn taking - in some professional context there are special rules in operation. But even when no special rules exist, there may be unwritten restrictions on who speaks.

Allowable contributions - there may be restrictions on what kind of contributions are considered allowable

Professional lexis - professional/workplace contacts may be reflected in the lexical choice by special Lexus or vocabulary used by the speakers

Structure – workplace and professional interactions may be structured in specific ways

Asymmetry - workplace and professional interactions are often asymmetrical that is often one speaker has more power and all special knowledge than the other

Question 7

Hornyak

Answer 7

The shift from work talk to personal talk is always initiated by the highest ranking person in the room

Question 8

Koester - the importance of phatic talk in the workplace

Answer 8

He found it really impulsive for work is to establish interpersonal relationships and have interactions that are not just about work related procedures in order to support each other

While some employees might talk that isn’t work related, koester shows that being sociable engaging in personal chat is important aspect of effective working. He emphasises the importance of personal communication at work to create solidarity.

Question 9

Fred rodrell - the plain English society

Answer 9

Argued there are 2 things wrong with legal documents

1) it’s style

2) its contents

If we cannot understand documents we cannot exercise our rights cannot take responsibility.

Could’ve used plain English. Excuse that legal writing has to be complex to avoid misinterpretation does not stand up.