Global English

Question 1

Shnieders dynamic model

Answer 1

Phase 1: foundation - first appear in new territory - emerging bolonguialism

Phase 2: exonormative stabilisation - an elite bilguiakism spread lead by political dominant country

Phrase 3: nativisation - bilingual speakers force a new variety of English as ties with settlers country of origin weaken

Phase 4: endonormative stabilisation - independence and need for nation building as new forms is established and codified

Differentiation - this may follow with internal social group identities gaining importance reflected in dialectal differences

Question 2

Kinda of English

Answer 2

L1 English as first language - varieties due to dispora and spread of English

L2 - official second languages for key institutions and countries - education in India - usually former colonies

Elf- English as a lingua-franca - used as a basis of common understanding

Pidgins and creoles - made up of elements of different languages

Question 3

Kachrus model

Answer 3

Inner : English is a first language

Outer circle : English is an official second language

Expanding circle : English has no official status but is increasingly being used as a lingua franca - often used for naval speak and global business