Occlusal Examination Flashcards
Angle’s Class I
MB cusp of max 1st molar bisects/occludes w/ buccal groove of mand 1st molar
- Can have severe crowding & labially erupted canines
Angle’s Class II
MB cusp of max 1st molar is M/forward to mand 1st molar’s buccal groove – “overbite”
Angle’s Class III
MB cusp of max 1st molar is D to buccal groove of mand 1st molar – “underbite”
Anterior crossbite
lateral & canine, bang causing it to turn lingually
Mand teeth in front of max (opposite is right)
Posterior cross bite causes
friction, wear and tear
Overbite
Extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of max central incisors over mand central incisors
- Measured relative to incisal ridges/edges – how much does max cover mand?
- Not a form of malocclusion, instead an absence or excessiveness = malocclusion
- Can’t see mand anteriors very well, find incisal edge of lower anteriors & estimate where they are and how much max central incisors cover them
- Class I malocclusion
Overjet
Extent of horizontal (anterior posterior) overlap of max central incisors over mand central incisors
- How much space btw mand incisors & max? – Close & measure w/ perioprobe on mand anteriors (measurement first seen pointing out after central incisor)
- Class II malocclusion
Retrognathic
Abnormal posterior positioning of mandible, relative to facial skeleton & soft tissues – more common in mand, not seen straight on but from profile – looks like a severe
overbite
- underdeveloped mandible
Prognathic
Marked protrusion of either mandible, not extremely severe can be treated in growing pt w/ orthodontic appliances – in severe (most) cases & adult pt, correction requires
surgical AND orthodontic treatment
- lower jaw juts out – bolus of food becomes difficult to eat – ortho & go in surgically to
resect & move jaw
Lateral excursions (way teeth move on one another) border
Start @ max intercuspation
- “move lower jaw R (or L) while keeping your teeth in light contact (touch shoulder)” – See which teeth guide – contact while sliding
- Articulating paper marks where teeth are hitting each other
Protrusion
Start @ max intercuspation
- “move mand straight forward while keeping teeth in light contact”
- See which teeth guide – contact will sliding & usually anteriors
Occlusal trauma
Wear facets, broken restorations, chipped teeth
Bruxism
Rubbing, gritting, or grinding (usually during sleep)
Exostosis
Benign growth of new bone on top of existing bone, recession, periodontal
Abfraction
Form of non-carious tooth loss occurring along gingival margin (cervical),
mechanical loss of tooth structure usually from flexural forces. Ex: bruxism or excessive brushing/attrition
TMJ problems cause
headaches, sore m., cheek irritation (bilateral linea alba), scalloped tongue
Attrition
loss of normal tooth structure & functional/parafunctional tooth to tooth contact (caused by bruxism)
Ways to treat Abfraction
Night guard/splint to take on occlusal forces/load
Abrasion-originating from friction or mechanical forces-foreign object
- Abnormal mechanical
- Interproximal (mechanical): toothpicks
- Incisal notching: nails, pipe, fishing line, sewers (used to tear)
- Cervical: tooth brushing (diff from abfraction not as deep)
Erosion
Wearing away of the tooth surface by acid, dietary (carbonated drinks, fruit juice, and
fruits like lemons), regurgitation (GERG, bulimia)
Erosion is caused by/signs
- Abnormal chemical – chemical wearing a way of tooth surfaces
- Facial: lemons, chlorine
- Lingual: bulimia – wouldn’t know until you looked in lingually
- Slick & outline of enamel is intact & see raised amalgam, thermal sensitivity
- Thinning, chipping of incisal edges - Anterior open bite (due to bulimia and thumb suckers)
- Loss of vertical dimension
Attrition is caused by
Normal mastication, diet & age related, occlusal/incisal, bruxism accelerates (glassy, slick, hard to get composite to stick, deepen to restore?? b/c loss of vertical height)
