Dental Caries

Question 1

Enamel is

Answer 1

The microporous solid that is no longer alive - ions diffuse in and out of.
Hardest structure in the body
Acellular layer, avascular, and made up of hydroxide appetite crystals
Can be replaced by fluoride = fluoride appetite crystals

Question 2

Ameoloblast form the rods and

Answer 2

when rod is made they die off

Question 3

Acellular means

Answer 3

it cannot repair itself or respond to stimuli/environment (made of Ca++, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions)

Question 4

Dentin

Answer 4

Vital tissue, made up of hydroxide appetite crystals, but the crystals are smaller than the enamels so it makes it softer.

Question 5

Organization of dentin is by

Answer 5

tubules and the odontoblasts live within the tubules forever allowing them to respond to external threats and be able to repair itself

Question 6

Infectious

Answer 6

Caused by microorganisms that invade tissue - cariogenic bacteria in biofilm on tooth surface

Question 7

Transmissible

Answer 7

able to be passed from one person to another

Question 8

Vertical transmission

Answer 8

mom to infant

Question 9

Horizontal transmission

Answer 9

Someone to someone else of the same age groups (siblings/classmates)

Question 10

Ecological shift in the oral microbiome (oral dysbiosis) that leads to

Answer 10

the development of pathogenic biofilms

Question 11

Caries, the hole in the tooth is actually

Answer 11

the sign and symptom of the disease itself -> the disease happens before the lesion

Question 12

Caries lesion

Answer 12

ramification of the disease process -> the hole is the result of the disease

Question 13

Caries disease is

Answer 13

the shift in the microbiome

Question 14

What 4 aspects do you need to make caries?

Answer 14

Host, fermentable carbohydrates, Cariogenic biofilm, and time

Question 15

Lateral spread

Answer 15

when the lesion get into the dentin - looks like a cone- but actually much larger.

Question 16

From outside in caries

Answer 16

Enamel cavitation -> dentin destruction -> bacterial invasion -> demineralization -> Sclerotic dentin -> Reactionary (tertiary) dentin

Question 17

Demineralization

Answer 17

Always moving along the tubules

Question 18

Sclerotic Dentin

Answer 18

Primary defense

The odontoblast send minerals into the tubules to block off the bacteria from moving forward

Question 19

Reactionary (tertiary) dentin

Answer 19

Secondary-sense bacteria before it comes

Odontoblast live here trying to quickly lay tertiary dentin or reactionary dentin to protect what’s coming

Question 20

ADA caries classification system

Answer 20

sound, initial, moderate, and advanced

Question 21

Sound

Answer 21

No clinically detectable lesion, dental hard tissue appears normal in color, translucency, and gloss.
No surface change or adequately restored.
ICDAS 0
No radiolucency

Question 22

Initial

Answer 22

Earliest clinically detectable lesion compatible with mild demineralization. Lesion limited to enamel or to shallow demineralization of cementum/dentin. Mildest forms are detectable only after drying. When established and active lesions may be white or brown and enamel has lost its normal gloss.
Visually noncavitated - White spot lesion
ICDAS 1 and ICDAS 2
Radiolucency may extend to DEJ or outer 1/3 of dentin.

Question 23

Moderate

Answer 23

Visible signs of enamel breakdown or signs of the denintin is moderately demineralized.
Est, early cavitated, shallow cavitation, microcavitation.
ICDAS 3 and 4
Radiolucency extends into the middle 1/3 of the dentin

Question 24

Advanced

Answer 24

Enamel is fully caveated and dentin is exposed. Dentin lesion is deeply/severely demineralized.
Spread/disseminated, late cavitated, deep cavitation
ICDAS 5 and 6
Radiolucency extends into the inner 1/3 of the dentin

Question 25

Caries lesion active

Answer 25

Located in "protected site"
Under thick/sticky plaque
Appears matte/opaque/white-yellowish
Feels rough (enamel), soft (dentin)
Inflammation of gingiva

Question 26

Caries lesion inactive/arrested

Answer 26

Not in plaque stagnation are
No thick/sticky plaque 
shiny/brown-black
feels smooth, hard (enamel & dentin)
No gingival inflammation