OBSTRUCTIVE NEPHROPATHY Flashcards
What is the definition of Obstructive Uropathy?
Structural or functional interference with urine flow in the urinary tract. Can be acute/chronic, partial/complete, unilateral/bilateral.
What is Obstructive Nephropathy?
Kidney damage due to long-standing obstruction caused by elevated renal pelvis pressure leading to hydronephrosis, tubular ischemia, interstitial fibrosis, and kidney atrophy.
What are common causes of Obstructive Uropathy in men?
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Prostate cancer
What are common causes of Obstructive Uropathy in women?
- Gynecologic malignancies
What are common causes of Obstructive Uropathy in children?
- Congenital anomalies (e.g., ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves)
What is a common cause of Obstructive Uropathy across all ages?
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
What is the primary modality for detecting hydronephrosis?
Ultrasound
What imaging modality is best for identifying stones and obstruction location?
CT scan
What does a MAG-3 renal scan evaluate?
Kidney function and drainage
What procedure is used for direct visualization and intervention in Obstructive Uropathy?
Cystoscopy
What are the symptoms of acute obstruction?
- Severe pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
What are the symptoms of chronic obstruction?
- Often asymptomatic or mild symptoms (e.g., urinary frequency, decreased flow)
What are potential complications of Obstructive Uropathy?
- Infection (pyelonephritis, sepsis)
- Postobstructive diuresis
- Electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis)
What is the initial treatment for relief of obstruction?
- Ureteral stents
- Nephrostomy tubes
What is the management for infection in Obstructive Uropathy?
Antibiotics + urgent decompression
How is postobstructive diuresis managed?
Monitor electrolytes, fluid replacement
True or False: Chronic obstruction often presents with severe symptoms.
False
