Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RESPIRATORY > Obstructive Airway Disease > Flashcards

Obstructive Airway Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Airways

A

Obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lungs

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 3 most common OBSTRUCTIVE airway conditions.

A

Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ACOS? What type of condition is it?

A

Asthma and COPD overlap syndrome

Obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If mucosa becomes larger, the ….. becomes smaller

A

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the 3 points of the Asthma Triad.

A
  1. Airway inflammation
  2. Airway hyperresponsiveness
  3. Reversible airflow obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe airway hyper-responsiveness.

A

Easily triggered bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 stages in the evolution of Asthma.

A
  1. Bronchoconstriction
  2. Chronic airway inflammation
  3. Airway remodelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fixed airway obstruction is known as what stage?

A

Stage 3 - airway remodelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bronchoconstriction causes ….. symptoms

A

BRIEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 hallmarks of airway remodelling in asthma? State which layer they arise in.

A
  1. Thickening - basement membrane
  2. Collagen deposition - submucosa
  3. Hypertrophy - smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drug is given in eosinophilic inflammation?

A

Anti-inflammatory

e.g Corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug is given to mediate TH2 cytokines?

A

Anti-leukotrience/histamine
Anti-IgE
Anti-IL5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug is given for twitchy smooth muscle (hyper-reactivity)?

A

Bronchodilatory

e.g beta2-agonist, muscarinic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name some potential allergens (triggers) in asthma.

A

Animal dander
Dust mites
Pollens
Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The signs and symptoms of asthma are ……..

A

EPISODIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Asthma patients usually have a productive cough

A

FALSE

non-productive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why do people get a wheeze?

A

Turbulent airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

People with asthma usually have associated …….

A

Atopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 3 conditions which are closely associated with asthma (esp atopy related)

A

Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the day time variation in asthma.

A

DIURINAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the forced expiratory ratio in asthma. Explain this.

A

<75% - REDUCED
FEV1 is reduced
FVC is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the reduced forced expiratory ratio in asthma reversed by? How much is this by?

A

Salbutamol

>15%

24
Q

Emphysema is IRREVERSIBLE

25
Chronic Bronchitis is IRREVERSIBLE
FALSE | Partially reversible
26
Describe emphysema.
Alveolar destruction Impaired gas exchange Loss of bronchial support
27
Describe the inflammation in chronic bronchitis.
Chronic neutrophilic inflammation
28
Mucus hyposecretion occurs in chronic bronchitis
FALSE | HYPERSECRETION
29
What happens to the smooth muscles of bronchioles in chronic bronchitis.
Spasm | Hypertrophy
30
Mucociliary dysfunction is a side effect of what condition?
Chronic bronchitis
31
What protein is imbalanced in emphysema?
Protease
32
The air sacs in emphysema become ....... and ........?
Damaged | Enlarged
33
What 4 things should be considered in the assessment of COPD?
1. Symptoms 2. Degree of airflow limitation 3. Risk of exacerbations 4. Comorbidities
34
How is degree of airflow limitation assessed?
Spirometry
35
What classifies as high risk for a COPD patient?
Two exacerbations or more within the past year or FEV1 < 50 % predicted
36
What does stopping smoking do?
Arrests further decline in lung volume
37
Progressive fixed airway obstruction occurs in what condition?
COPD
38
What is type 2 respiratory failure classify as?
Decreased PaO2 | Increased PaCO2
39
Pulmonary hypertension occurs as a result of?
COPD
40
What can COPD do to the heart?
Right ventricular hypertrophy/failure | i.e cor pulmonale
41
Describe ACOS.
COPD with blood eosinophilia >3%
42
What is ACOS difficult to distinguish form?
Difficult to distinguish from asthmatic smokers who have airway remodeling (ie reduced FVC)
43
What does ACOS respond to?
Salbutamol | ICS
44
Outline the management of COPD.
1. LAMA 2. LABA 3. LAMA-LABA 4. LABA-ICS 5. LABA-LAMA-ICS
45
LAMA
Tiotropium | Aclidinum
46
LABA
Olodaterol | Formoterol
47
ICS
Beclometasone
48
Eosinophilic inflammation...
Asthma
49
Neutrophilic inflammation...
COPD
50
COPD has a .... bronchodilator and corticosteroid response
POOR
51
Asthma has a .... bronchodilator and corticosteroid response
GOOD
52
Asthma has ...... gas exchange
NORMAL
53
COPD has ........ gas exchange
IMPAIRED
54
Asthma has ......... FVC and TLCO
PRESERVED
55
COPD has ........ FVC and TLCO
IMPAIRED

RESPIRATORY (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions