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Special Populations > Obstetrics Part 1 > Flashcards

Obstetrics Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during the first two weeks of menstrual cycle

A

Ovulation. Dominated by estrogen, endometrium thickens

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2
Q

What happens when there’s a surge of LH and FSH

A

Ovulation occurs (egg travels down to fallopian tubes to uterus)

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3
Q

How many days does it take for menstruation to occur when an egg is not fertilized

A

14 days

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4
Q

What is the ovum called when it implants

A

Blastocyst

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5
Q

What triggers placental tissues

A

Implantation

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6
Q

Implantation stimulates what hormone

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)

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7
Q

How many weeks does it take after fertilization for placenta to develop

A

3 Weeks

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8
Q

What are 7 things the placenta does

A
  1. Transfers heat. 2. Gas exchange. 3. Delivers nutrients (glucose, K+, Na+, Cl-) 4. Carries away wastes (Urea, Uric acid, Creatine) 5. Endocrine gland 6. Acts as a liver 7. Barrier against harmful substances
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9
Q

4 physiologic changes in the reproductive system

A

Vascular system, formation of mucous plug in cervix, estrogen causes vaginal mucosa to thicken, breast enlargement

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10
Q

3 regular physiological things In the uterus

A

7.5 cm long, 5cm wide, 2cm thick. 30-40 grams. Total fluid capacity 10ml

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11
Q

3 regular physiological things in uterus near end of pregnancy

A

Approx 30cm long. Weighs approx 1100 g. Total fluid capacity 1-2 liters

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12
Q

What are 3 respiratory changes progesterone causes

A

Decreased airway resistance, oxygen consumption increases by 20%, tidal volume increases gradually to about 40%

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13
Q

What does the mothers blood volume increase gradually to from 4-5 L ?

A

6-7 Liters, approx a 45% increase

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14
Q

What is increase risk during pregnancy and 6 weeks after?

A

Thrombosis

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15
Q

Why are mothers at higher risk of thrombosis during pregnancy

A

An increasedhypercoagulable state due to decreasing bleeding during miscarriage and child birth

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16
Q

What does a mother heart rate increase by?

A

10-15 BPM (increased cardiac output)

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17
Q

When are mothers at greatest risk of heart failure

A

Postpartum

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18
Q

What position should mothers be especially put in the 3rd trimester

A

Left lateral recumbent, RAISE RIGHT HIP

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19
Q

Average weight gain in pregnancy

A

12.3 KG

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20
Q

What are 3 things the pregnancy hormone relaxin does

A

Causes collagen tissues to soften, generates relaxation of ligamentous system, contributes to lordosis of later pregnancy and flexion of neck. Pretty much relaxes all muscles as your body is accommodating the baby

21
Q

Isoimmunization (RH Disease)

A

Only occurs if the woman is Rh negative and becomes pregnant by a man who is rh positive

22
Q

How to treat Rh disease

A

Mother is immunized with Rhogam injection

23
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of kidneys often cause by bacterial growth

24
Q

Normal blood loss during delivery

A

Under 500mL normal

25
Q

Moderate blood loss

A

500mL-1000mL

26
Q

Severe blood loss

A

More than 1000mL

27
Q

What causes morning sickness

A

Hormone level changes and carbohydrate needs

28
Q

How long is each trimester

A

12 weeks each

29
Q

What are two things that occur in the first trimester

A

All major organ systems develop. Vulnerable to defects at this time

30
Q

What are two things that occur in the second trimester

A

Completion of organ development, placenta produces sufficient amounts of progesterone to maintain endometrial lining

31
Q

Kidney changes during pregnancy

A

Increase in length up to 2cm, ureters get longer wider and more curved. Increased blood volume meaning increased CO causing increased urination

32
Q

GI system changes

A

Peristalsis is slowed causing bloating and constipstion

33
Q

MSK changes

A

Loosened pelvic joints, waddling gait, lower back pain, abdominal muscles tend to lose their tone

34
Q

Cardio changes

A

Size of heart increases 10-15%. Heart shifts up and to the left it’s a slight rotation on its axis

35
Q

3rd trimester development

A

Fetal weight gain, beginning weighs 2-2 1/2 pounds and once 8 months 5 pounds then.last month half a pound a week. Estrogen production by placenta stimulates labour and delivery

36
Q

Until how many weeks is a baby premature

A

Less than 37 weeks

37
Q

When is it called an embryo

A

Up to 8 weeks

38
Q

When is it called a fetus

A

After 8 weeks

39
Q

Fetal development at 3 months

A

Uterus above symphysis, fingers and toes with signs of gender

40
Q

Fetal development 4 months

A

12 cm long, distinguish male or female

41
Q

Fetal development 5 months

A

Scalp hair and lanugo. Height of umbilicus

42
Q

Fetal development 6 months

A

Eyebrows and lashes , eyes fused, will attempt to breathe if born

43
Q

Fetal development 7 months

A

Eyes open, vernix, cries weakly and moves limbs

44
Q

When is surfactant therapy needed

A

Born before 30 weeks

45
Q

Fetal development 8 months

A

1800 grams, may have rds, neonatal care center needed

46
Q

Fetal development 9 months

A

2500 grams, subcutaneous fat causes body to become round and wrinkles are lost

47
Q

Premature deliveries of _________________ have a good chance of surviving

A

Greater than 1kg, 28-36 weeks

48
Q

4 components of placenta

A
  1. Connected to fetus by umbilical cord, protective barrier against harmful substances, expelled after birth, 15-28 cotyledons
49
Q

What weeks are considered full term

A

More than 37

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