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Medical Terminology > Obstetrics & Gynecology > Flashcards

Obstetrics & Gynecology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amni/o

A

amnion; fetal membrane that forms the amniotic sac and contains the amniotic fluid that the fetus floats in

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2
Q

cervic/o

A

neck or cervix

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3
Q

chori/o

A

chorion; the outer sac that surrounds and protects fetus, forms part of the placenta

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4
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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5
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

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6
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

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7
Q

embry/o

A

embryo

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8
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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9
Q

hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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10
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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11
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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12
Q

mamm/o, mast/o

A

breast

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13
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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14
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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15
Q

o/o

A

ovum (egg released during ovulation)

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16
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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17
Q

salping/o

A

uterine / fallopian tube

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18
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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19
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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20
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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21
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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22
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous, fibers

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23
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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24
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

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25
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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26
Q

tox/o

A

poison

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27
Q

-gravida, -gravid

A

pregnancy

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28
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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29
Q

-para

A

to bear offspring

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30
Q

abortion (AB)

A

discharge of the embryo from the uterus before the 20th week of gestation
spontaneous: unplanned, miscarriage, due to death of embryo
therapeutic: done because it’s necessary for the mother’s health
elective: planned, legal termination of pregnancy

31
Q

atresia

A

lack of normal body opening, sometimes caused by excessive scarring, ex: hysteratresia is closing of cervix

32
Q

conization

A

surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy

33
Q

breast cancer

A

malignant tumor of breast tissue, usually forming in milk glands or in the lining of milk ducts

34
Q

cervical cancer

A

malignant tumor of cervix, sometimes caused by HPV, regular pap smears are used for early detection

35
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of bladder (protruding into the vagina), can cause urinary frequency and urgency, and blockage

36
Q

endometrial cancer

A

cancerous tumor forms in the lining of the uterus

37
Q

cesarean section (C section, CS)

A

surgical birth of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls

38
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

removal of small piece of chorion for genetic testing and analysis

39
Q

fetal monitoring

A

use of electronic equipment to check fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) or rhythym during labor; normal FHR range is 120-160 bpm, and drops in the heart rate indicate fetal distress

40
Q

endometriosis

A

condition when endometrial tissue appears in the pelvic or abdominal cavity, resulting in pain and scarring

41
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus, most commonly seen in the fallopian tubes, which requires a salpingectomy to prevent rupture

42
Q

eclampsia

A

worsening of pre-eclampsia symptoms, seizures and coma can happen, occurs between 20th week of pregnancy through 6 months post-partum

43
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping or suctioning out endometrial lining of uterus, performed after miscarriages and other spontaneous abortions or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes

44
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway that develops between two structures

45
Q

fibroid tumor

A

benign tumor of fiber-like tissue, most common type of tumor in women

46
Q

fibrocystic breast

A

benign cysts in breast tissue that are not precancerous

47
Q

gestational diabetes

A

development of difficulty with carbohydrate metabolism and high blood sugar during a pregnancy, resolves typically after delivery

48
Q

infertility

A

inability to produce children

49
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also called erythoblastosis fetalis

A

condition developing in fetus when mother’s blood is Rh-negative and baby’s blood is Rh-positive; mother’s antibodies enter the fetus’ bloodstream through the placenta and destroy it’s blood cells, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlarged spleen, and treated with intrauterine blood transfusion

50
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

infertility treatment where the woman’s eggs are removed and then fertilized externally; resulting embryos are returned to the woman’s uterus for development

51
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

medication to replace hormones secreted by the ovaries that may be missing or severely lowered due to menopause or loos of ovaries

52
Q

menopause

A

period of time associated with the ending of menstrual activity and childbearing in women, usually around age 50

53
Q

menarche

A

beginning of menstruation and the menstrual cycle, first menstrual period is usually around age 12

54
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

device placed into the uterus through the cervix by a physician to prevent conception and pregnancy; a birth control method

55
Q

lactation

A

production of milk

56
Q

ovarian cancer

A

cancerous tumor formed within the ovary

57
Q

preeclampsia, toxemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

A

metabolic condition / complication of pregnancy; symptoms exhibited may include hypertension, headaches, edema, and protein in the urine

58
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta forms in the lower portion of uterus and blocks the birth canal, requiring C-section for delivery

59
Q

oral contraceptive pills, birth control pills

A

form of birth control that uses low doses of femal hormones to block ovulation

60
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

can be an acute or chronic infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through female reproductive tract and into the pelvic cavity, which can result in scarring that interferes with fertility

61
Q

pap smear

A

test for early detection of cervical cancer; cells are removed from cervix by simple scraping and examined under microscope

62
Q

premature birth

A

birth of a fetus before the 37th week of pregnancy

63
Q

rectocele

A

occurs when vaginal wall becomes thinner, allowing rectum to press against it and create a bulge, possibly causing blockage

64
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

symptoms of irritability, anxiety or stress, cravings, cramps, headache, fatigue, tenderness in breasts, that develop prior to having a period

65
Q

prolapsed uterus

A

fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening

66
Q

puberty

A

period of growth and development in preteen and teen years as the person transitions physically from adolescence to adulthood and can now reproduce

67
Q

tubal litigation

A

surgical tying of uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy; a form of birth control

68
Q

stillbirth

A

birth of a developed fetus that dies during or very shortly after birth

69
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

rare, sometimes fatal bacterial infection, occurring mainly in menstruating women as it’s associated with wearing tampons for a very prolonged time

70
Q

abruptio placentae

A

separation of placenta from uterine wall before delivery

71
Q

placenta

A

the organ that develops with the fetus, and serves as a filter between mom and baby; it’s responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to the fetus’ blood from the mother’s blood, and to transfer waste products from the fetus’ blood to the mom’s blood, as well as for secreting some pregnancy-related hormones, ideally forming in the upper part of the uterus

72
Q

multiple gestation

A

pregnancy where the mother is carrying more than one baby (twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc.)

73
Q

puerperal infection

A

infection that occurs shortly after childbirth, usually in the uterus, but other reproductive structures can be affected, also including UTI’s breast infections, and wound infections

74
Q

hyperemesis gravidum

A

excessive nausea or vomiting during pregnancy

Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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