Obstetrics & Gynecology Flashcards
amni/o
amnion; fetal membrane that forms the amniotic sac and contains the amniotic fluid that the fetus floats in
cervic/o
neck or cervix
chori/o
chorion; the outer sac that surrounds and protects fetus, forms part of the placenta
colp/o, vagin/o
vagina
gynec/o
woman
fet/o
fetus
embry/o
embryo
episi/o
vulva
hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o
uterus
lact/o
milk
lapar/o
abdomen
mamm/o, mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
nat/o
birth
o/o
ovum (egg released during ovulation)
oophor/o, ovari/o
ovary
salping/o
uterine / fallopian tube
carcin/o
cancer
pelv/o
pelvis
rect/o
rectum
cyst/o
bladder
fibr/o
fibrous, fibers
hem/o
blood
olig/o
scanty
or/o
mouth
tox/o
poison
-gravida, -gravid
pregnancy
-arche
beginning
-para
to bear offspring
abortion (AB)
discharge of the embryo from the uterus before the 20th week of gestation
spontaneous: unplanned, miscarriage, due to death of embryo
therapeutic: done because it’s necessary for the mother’s health
elective: planned, legal termination of pregnancy
atresia
lack of normal body opening, sometimes caused by excessive scarring, ex: hysteratresia is closing of cervix
conization
surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy
breast cancer
malignant tumor of breast tissue, usually forming in milk glands or in the lining of milk ducts
cervical cancer
malignant tumor of cervix, sometimes caused by HPV, regular pap smears are used for early detection
cystocele
hernia of bladder (protruding into the vagina), can cause urinary frequency and urgency, and blockage
endometrial cancer
cancerous tumor forms in the lining of the uterus
cesarean section (C section, CS)
surgical birth of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls
chorionic villus sampling
removal of small piece of chorion for genetic testing and analysis
fetal monitoring
use of electronic equipment to check fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) or rhythym during labor; normal FHR range is 120-160 bpm, and drops in the heart rate indicate fetal distress
endometriosis
condition when endometrial tissue appears in the pelvic or abdominal cavity, resulting in pain and scarring
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus, most commonly seen in the fallopian tubes, which requires a salpingectomy to prevent rupture
eclampsia
worsening of pre-eclampsia symptoms, seizures and coma can happen, occurs between 20th week of pregnancy through 6 months post-partum
dilation and curettage (D&C)
surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping or suctioning out endometrial lining of uterus, performed after miscarriages and other spontaneous abortions or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes
fistula
abnormal passageway that develops between two structures
fibroid tumor
benign tumor of fiber-like tissue, most common type of tumor in women
fibrocystic breast
benign cysts in breast tissue that are not precancerous
gestational diabetes
development of difficulty with carbohydrate metabolism and high blood sugar during a pregnancy, resolves typically after delivery
infertility
inability to produce children
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also called erythoblastosis fetalis
condition developing in fetus when mother’s blood is Rh-negative and baby’s blood is Rh-positive; mother’s antibodies enter the fetus’ bloodstream through the placenta and destroy it’s blood cells, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlarged spleen, and treated with intrauterine blood transfusion
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
infertility treatment where the woman’s eggs are removed and then fertilized externally; resulting embryos are returned to the woman’s uterus for development
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
medication to replace hormones secreted by the ovaries that may be missing or severely lowered due to menopause or loos of ovaries
menopause
period of time associated with the ending of menstrual activity and childbearing in women, usually around age 50
menarche
beginning of menstruation and the menstrual cycle, first menstrual period is usually around age 12
intrauterine device (IUD)
device placed into the uterus through the cervix by a physician to prevent conception and pregnancy; a birth control method
lactation
production of milk
ovarian cancer
cancerous tumor formed within the ovary
preeclampsia, toxemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
metabolic condition / complication of pregnancy; symptoms exhibited may include hypertension, headaches, edema, and protein in the urine
placenta previa
placenta forms in the lower portion of uterus and blocks the birth canal, requiring C-section for delivery
oral contraceptive pills, birth control pills
form of birth control that uses low doses of femal hormones to block ovulation
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
can be an acute or chronic infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through female reproductive tract and into the pelvic cavity, which can result in scarring that interferes with fertility
pap smear
test for early detection of cervical cancer; cells are removed from cervix by simple scraping and examined under microscope
premature birth
birth of a fetus before the 37th week of pregnancy
rectocele
occurs when vaginal wall becomes thinner, allowing rectum to press against it and create a bulge, possibly causing blockage
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms of irritability, anxiety or stress, cravings, cramps, headache, fatigue, tenderness in breasts, that develop prior to having a period
prolapsed uterus
fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening
puberty
period of growth and development in preteen and teen years as the person transitions physically from adolescence to adulthood and can now reproduce
tubal litigation
surgical tying of uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy; a form of birth control
stillbirth
birth of a developed fetus that dies during or very shortly after birth
toxic shock syndrome
rare, sometimes fatal bacterial infection, occurring mainly in menstruating women as it’s associated with wearing tampons for a very prolonged time
abruptio placentae
separation of placenta from uterine wall before delivery
placenta
the organ that develops with the fetus, and serves as a filter between mom and baby; it’s responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to the fetus’ blood from the mother’s blood, and to transfer waste products from the fetus’ blood to the mom’s blood, as well as for secreting some pregnancy-related hormones, ideally forming in the upper part of the uterus
multiple gestation
pregnancy where the mother is carrying more than one baby (twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc.)
puerperal infection
infection that occurs shortly after childbirth, usually in the uterus, but other reproductive structures can be affected, also including UTI’s breast infections, and wound infections
hyperemesis gravidum
excessive nausea or vomiting during pregnancy
