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Medical Terminology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

immun/o

A

protection, immunity

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2
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid, tonsil

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3
Q

lymph/o, lymphaden/o

A

lymph, lymph node

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4
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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5
Q

path/o

A

disease

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6
Q

phag/o

A

eat

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7
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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8
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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9
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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10
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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11
Q

system/o

A

system

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12
Q

cyt/o, -cyte

A

cell

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13
Q

-globulin

A

protein

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14
Q

-ar, -atic, -ic

A

pertaining to

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15
Q

-iasis, -osis

A

abnormal condition

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16
Q

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

A

early stage of HIV in which mild symptoms like fatigue, fever, lympadenopathy, and weight loss are present

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17
Q

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A

later stage of HIV in which the immune system is severely weakened or compromised as cells lose the ability to fight infection; patients are more likely to develop opportunistic infections

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18
Q

Opportunistic Infection

A

an infection is “opportunistic” when it occurs in someone who has a compromised immune system

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19
Q

Natural Immunity

A
  • not specific to a pathogen
  • does not require exposure to the pathogen
20
Q

Acquired Immunity

A
  • body’s response to a certain pathogen
    Active:
  • develops following actual exposure (ex: vaccination)
    Passive:
  • protective substances are produced (ex: antibodies)
21
Q

allergist

A

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies

22
Q

anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis

A

life-threatening allergic response to something that causes cardiovascular and respiratory problems

23
Q

antibody

A

a molecule that combines with antigens (antigen-antibody complexes) to target and prevent pathogens from damaging healthy cells

24
Q

antigen

A

a protein that’s foreign to the body, and which produces an immune response, ex: the proteins present on the cell membrane/surface of bacteria

25
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease in which the body attacks itself, ex: systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis

26
Q

antihistamine

A

medication taken to help allergies because it blocks the effects of histamine, a chemical compound produced during an allergic reaction

27
Q

antinuclear antibody titer (ANA)

A

blood test that determines and compares the amount of antibodies to the amount of cell nuclei in the bloodstream; elevated in autoimmune conditions

28
Q

cytotoxic cells

A

cells that are capable of attacking and killing pathogens / diseased cells

29
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; they’re used to treat autoimmune diseases because of their strong anti-inflammatory properties

30
Q

elephantiasis

A

a condition resulting from blockage of lymphatic vessels, which results in swollen extremities (edema) as fluid collects in the area

31
Q

hives

A

the common name for wheals that appear on the skin during an allergic reaction; wheals is the medical term

32
Q

HIV antigen and/or antibody immunoassay

A

blood test for both the HIV antigen and antibodies
antigens: appear very shortly after infection
antibodies: appear 2-8 weeks later, and can be tested on their own in an individual test using saliva

33
Q

Hodgkin’s disease or Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes (cancer of lymphatic tissue that’s not Hodgkin’s is called Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

34
Q

immunodeficiency, immunocompromised

A

having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens

35
Q

inflammation

A

tissue response to injury; characterized by swelling, redness, pain, feeling hot to the touch

36
Q

immunosuppressants

A

medications that block certain actions of the immune system; often used to prevent rejection in an organ transplant patient

37
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute viral infection of lymphoid tissue with large number of white blood cells circulating in the bloodstream

38
Q

sarcoidosis

A

autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming in the lymph nodes, liver, skin, eyes, small bones in the hands and feet, and spleen

39
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

type of skin cancer seen in AIDS patients that consists of brownish-purple spots that begin in the skin and spread to internal organs

40
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

opportunistic infection of the lungs common in immunodeficient persons

41
Q

scratch test

A

type of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to allergens through light scratches

42
Q

urticaria

A

the medical term for the severe itching associated with allergic reactions and hives

43
Q

vaccination

A

exposure to weakened pathogen in order to generate an immune response and antibody production to give future protection against that disease

44
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks connective tissue throughout the body

45
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

genetic condition of children born with not functioning immune systems, and who are often condemned to isolated, sterile rooms

46
Q

-toxic

A

poison

47
Q

-therapy

A

therapy, treatment

Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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