Neurology Flashcards
alges/o
sense of pain
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
encephal/o
brain
cephla/o
head
crani/o
skull
neur/o
nerve
electr/o
electricity
hydr/o
water
esthesi/o
sensation
medull/o
medulla oblongata
mening/o
membrane, meninges
myel/o, spin/o
spinal cord
pont/o
pons
radicul/o
nerve root
thalam/o
thalamus
scler/o
hardening
my/o
muscle
lumb/o
lumbar, lower back
tom/o
to cut
vascul/o
blood vessel
-trophic, -trophy
development
Bell’s palsy
one-sided facial muscle weakness or paralysis, usually temporary
brain tumor
intracranial mass, can be benign or malignant, and can be fatal even if not cancerous because of pressure on brain tissue
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
chronic brain condition involving progressive disorientation, speech, loss of memory, and gait disturbances
analgesic
type of drug used to treat minor to moderate pain without causing loss of consciousness
anesthetic
drug that treats pain and produces loss of consciousness
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig’s disease
disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord
anticonvulsant
medication to reduce excitability of neurons and to prevent uncontrolled neuron activity commonly associated with seizures
cerebral angiography
diagnostic X-ray of blood vessels in the brain after injection of a radiopaque dye
cerebral palsy (CP)
non-progressive brain damage resulting from birth defect (oxygen deprivation, trauma, problems with fetal development), that results in muscle power and coordination issues ranging from spasms to paralysis
cerebral contusion
bruising of brain from impact, symptoms include vomiting, dizziness, unconsciousness, unequal pupil size, and shock
delirium
abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation
concussion
injury to brain caused by impact with skull and shaking, symptoms include blurry vision, balance problems, shock, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, headache, and unequal pupil size
cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
lab examination of the clear, watery fluid from within the brain and spinal cord to detect infections or brain bleeding
cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke
loss of blood supply to brain
4 types:
1. cerebral hemorrhage (cerebral artery ruptures and bleeds into brain tissue)
2. cerebral embolism (blood clot from another area lodges itself in the cerebral artery and blocks blood flow)
3. compression (pressure from tumor squeezes adjacent blood vessel and blocks blood flow
4. cerebral thrombosis (blood clot forms in artery and blocks blood flow)
coma
prolonged unconsciousness from injury or illness
dementia
progressive impairment of memory and intellectual function
convulsion
severe, involuntary, alternating muscle contractions and relaxations, caused by epilepsy, severe dehydration, fever usually
epilepsy
recurrent disorder of seizures and loss of consciousness due to uncontrolled neuron electrical activity
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to difficulty of electrical impulse passing across synapse from one nerve to the next
Guillain-Barre syndrome
condition in which some nerves lose their myelin insulation
spina bifida
this is a congenital defect of the spinal wall, where the two sides of a vertebra do not meet or close
multiple sclerosis
inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS; immune system damages myelin, leaving hardened tissue
Parkinson’s Disease
chronic nervous system disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, and weakness
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary reduction of blood supply to the brain, can lead to fainting
syncope
fainting
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
caused by recurrent TBIs, usually seen in athletes of contact sports
