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Medical Terminology > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alges/o

A

sense of pain

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2
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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3
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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5
Q

cephla/o

A

head

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6
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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7
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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8
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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9
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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10
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation

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11
Q

medull/o

A

medulla oblongata

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12
Q

mening/o

A

membrane, meninges

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13
Q

myel/o, spin/o

A

spinal cord

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14
Q

pont/o

A

pons

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15
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

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16
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

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17
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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18
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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19
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar, lower back

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20
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

21
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

22
Q

-trophic, -trophy

A

development

23
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

one-sided facial muscle weakness or paralysis, usually temporary

24
Q

brain tumor

A

intracranial mass, can be benign or malignant, and can be fatal even if not cancerous because of pressure on brain tissue

25
Q

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

A

chronic brain condition involving progressive disorientation, speech, loss of memory, and gait disturbances

26
Q

analgesic

A

type of drug used to treat minor to moderate pain without causing loss of consciousness

27
Q

anesthetic

A

drug that treats pain and produces loss of consciousness

28
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig’s disease

A

disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord

29
Q

anticonvulsant

A

medication to reduce excitability of neurons and to prevent uncontrolled neuron activity commonly associated with seizures

30
Q

cerebral angiography

A

diagnostic X-ray of blood vessels in the brain after injection of a radiopaque dye

31
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

non-progressive brain damage resulting from birth defect (oxygen deprivation, trauma, problems with fetal development), that results in muscle power and coordination issues ranging from spasms to paralysis

32
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain from impact, symptoms include vomiting, dizziness, unconsciousness, unequal pupil size, and shock

33
Q

delirium

A

abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation

34
Q

concussion

A

injury to brain caused by impact with skull and shaking, symptoms include blurry vision, balance problems, shock, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, headache, and unequal pupil size

35
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)

A

lab examination of the clear, watery fluid from within the brain and spinal cord to detect infections or brain bleeding

36
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke

A

loss of blood supply to brain
4 types:
1. cerebral hemorrhage (cerebral artery ruptures and bleeds into brain tissue)
2. cerebral embolism (blood clot from another area lodges itself in the cerebral artery and blocks blood flow)
3. compression (pressure from tumor squeezes adjacent blood vessel and blocks blood flow
4. cerebral thrombosis (blood clot forms in artery and blocks blood flow)

37
Q

coma

A

prolonged unconsciousness from injury or illness

38
Q

dementia

A

progressive impairment of memory and intellectual function

39
Q

convulsion

A

severe, involuntary, alternating muscle contractions and relaxations, caused by epilepsy, severe dehydration, fever usually

40
Q

epilepsy

A

recurrent disorder of seizures and loss of consciousness due to uncontrolled neuron electrical activity

41
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to difficulty of electrical impulse passing across synapse from one nerve to the next

42
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

condition in which some nerves lose their myelin insulation

43
Q

spina bifida

A

this is a congenital defect of the spinal wall, where the two sides of a vertebra do not meet or close

44
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS; immune system damages myelin, leaving hardened tissue

45
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

chronic nervous system disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, and weakness

46
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary reduction of blood supply to the brain, can lead to fainting

47
Q

syncope

A

fainting

48
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

caused by recurrent TBIs, usually seen in athletes of contact sports

Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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