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Yr 4C > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

fecundity

A

the capacity to conceive (measured as the monthly probability of conception - normal is 20% for fertile women)

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2
Q

asthenozoospermia

A

abnormal sperm motility

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3
Q

teratospermia

A

abnormal sperm morphology

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4
Q

Naegele’s rule

A

Due date = LMP + 280 days (9mnths + 7ds)

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5
Q

Severe nausea & vomiting during pregnancy (–> LOW & dehydration)

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum

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6
Q

Zygosity

A

number of fertilised eggs

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7
Q

chorionicity

A

number of placentae

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8
Q

amnionicity

A

number of amniotic cavities

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9
Q

One fertilised egg, separates <3 days

A

dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy (DCDA)

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10
Q

One fertilised egg, separates in days 4-8

A

monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy (MCDA)

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11
Q

One fertilised egg, separates in days 7-12

A

monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy (MCMA)

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12
Q

One fertilised egg, separates >12 days

A

conjoined twins

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13
Q

Monochorionic twins, 1 twin hyperperfused 1 twin hypoperfused, 1 twin polyhydramnios 1 twin oligohydramnios

A

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)

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14
Q

Miscarriage

A

Spontaneous loss of intrauterine pregnancy <20wks gestation

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15
Q

Recurrent miscarriage

A

3+ consecutive pregnancies lost

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16
Q

pelvic pain (unilateral –> generalised), shoulder tip pain, delayed period, abnormal bleeding, tender adnexal mass, shock, peritonism

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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17
Q

Implantation of the fertilised ovum in tissue other than the

endometrium of the uterine cavity

A

ectopic pregnancy

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18
Q

Most common site of ectopic pregnancy

A

fallopian tube (97%)

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19
Q

Infant - cicatricial skin lesions, limb hypoplasia, microcephaly, ophthalmic lesions

A

congenital varicella syndrome (CVS)

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20
Q

Flu-like illness + unpasteurised milk, soft cheeses, pre-prepared salads, uncooked seafood, processed meats

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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21
Q

Infection of the amniotic fluid, placenta, membranes and/or decidua

A

Chorioamnionitis

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22
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

de novo hypertension arising >20 weeks gestation, returning to normal within 3 months postpartum, plus evidence of dysfunction in at least one other organ (placental disorder)

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23
Q

Eclampsia

A

pre-eclampsia + convulsions

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24
Q

Gestational HTN

A

de novo hypertension arising >20 weeks gestation without any other feature of preeclampsia, returning to normal within 3 months postpartum

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25
In pregnancy - headaches, visual scintillations, epigastric/RUQ pain, oliguria, lower abdominal pain, bleeding (placental abruption), reduced foetal movements
Pre-eclampsia (+ convulsions = eclampsia)
26
Carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy
Gestational DM
27
``` Pruritus in the absence of a skin rash with abnormal LFTs (in pregnancy) ```
Cholestasis of pregnancy
28
The three Ps of delivery
Passenger (foetus), Passage (pelvis), Power (uterine contractions)
29
Foetal lie
relationship of the long axis of the foetus to the long axis of the mother. 1. longitudinal (cephalic = head first, breech = bottom/foot first) 2. transverse 3. oblique
30
Macrosomia
Large for gestational age = estimated foetal weight >90th percentile (birth weight >4500g)
31
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Estimated foetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference <10th percentile
32
Severe SGA
EFW or abdominal circumference <3rd percentile
33
SGA + problems (erratic growth, haemodynamic compromise, risk of poor outcomes)
Foetal growth restriction (FGR)
34
Foetal position
the relationship of the denominator (occiput) to the maternal pelvis
35
Foetal presentation
the part of the foetus that will present first (cephalic/vertex, shoulder, breech (foot/bottom))
36
Frank breech
hips flexed, knees extended
37
Complete breech
hips flexed, knees flexed, feet not below level of foetal buttocks
38
Footling breech
one or both feet presenting below level of the foetal buttocks
39
Stages of labour
1st (regular painful contractions --> full cervical dilation), 2nd (full cervical dilation --> delivery of infant), 3rd (delivery of infant --> delivery of placenta & membranes)
40
Episiotomy
An incision through the perineum made to enlarge the | diameter of the vulval outlet and assist childbirth
41
Perineal trauma
First-degree tear = injury to vaginal or perineal skin only Second-degree tear = + injury to perineal muscles. Third-degree tear = + involvement of anal sphincter muscles. – 3a = <50% of external anal sphincter torn. – 3b = >50% of external anal sphincter torn. – 3c = internal anal sphincter also torn. Fourth-degree tear = + injury to the rectal mucosa
42
Stillbirth
birthweight of >400g or a gestation of >20 weeks
43
Neonatal death
death <28 days after birth
44
Infant death
death >28 days after birth
45
Postpartum haemorrhage (primary)
>500ml of blood loss within 24 hours after vaginal delivery
46
Placental abruption
bleeding causes premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus
47
Shoulder dystocia
the foetal shoulders become impact in the maternal pelvis after delivery of the foetal head
48
Cord prolapse
descent of the umbilical cord alongside or beyond the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
49
Antepartum haemorrhage
Bleeding from the genital tract after 20 weeks gestation
50
In pregnancy - PV bleeding, continuous abdominal pain, tenderness on palpation, "woody' uterus
Placental abruption
51
Placenta praevia
Implantation of the placenta in the lower segment of the uterus
52
Placenta accreta
placenta is morbidly adherent to the uterine wall
53
Placenta increta
placenta invades into the myometrium
54
Placenta percreta
placenta invades through the myometrium and the serosa of the uterus and may invade other body organs
55
Vasa praevia
Foetal blood vessels run in the amniotic membranes below the presenting part of the foetus in front of the cervix, with no placenta or umbilical cord present
56
In pregnancy - vaginal bleeding, acute foetal bradycardia, foetal vessels palpable over the membranes
vasa praevia
57
"Turtle necking" of foetal head during delivery
shoulder dystocia
58
Acute maternal collapse + foetal squames in maternal lungs
Amniotic fluid embolism
59
Secondary postpartum haemorrhage
excessive vaginal bleeding from 24 hours to 6 weeks after birth
60
During labour - abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, +/- haematuria, contractions cease, decelerations on CTG, previous Caesarean delivery
Uterine rupture
61
Uterine inversion
The uterine fundus descends either through the uterine cavity, through the cervix, or beyond the introitus. Caused by traction on the umbilical cord before the placenta has separated
62
Preterm birth
Delivery <37wks gestation
63
Preterm Pre-Labour Rupture of Membranes
Spontaneous rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks gestation and before the onset of labour
64
Term Pre-Labour Rupture of Membranes
Spontaneous rupture of membranes at or after 37 weeks gestation and before the onset of labour
65
Trimesters
1st trimester: 0-12wks 2nd trimester: 13-27wks 3rd trimesters: 28wks-birth
66
What is bHCG produced by?
Syncytiotrophoblast cells of the outer layer of the chorionic villi
67
What is the function of bHCG?
To maintain the corpus luteum & stimulate its secretion of progesterone (structurally similar to LH)
68
Causes of recurrent second trimester miscarriages
Septate/bicornuate uterus (due to incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts), cervical incompetence, antiphospholipid syndrome/SLE
69
Causes of polyhydramnios
Maternal DM, foetal anencephaly, duodenal atresia (commonly assoc w Down's foetus --> "double bubble" appearance on USS)
70
PAPP-A
pregnancy associated plasma protein A (decreased in Down's foetus)
71
Sheehan syndrome
perinatal pituitary necrosis cause by hypovolemia (ie due to blood loss - PPH, placental abruption)

Yr 4C (6 decks)

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